Resources
This library provides a comprehensive set of global and country-specific tools, guidance, and other resources to support oxygen scale-up and long-term respiratory care planning.
Light Source Spectra and Higher Measurement Uncertainty in Pulse Oximeter Readings for Individuals with Darker Skin Pigmentation
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in British Journal of Anesthesia, this study hypothesized that color bias in pulse oximetry results from the optical properties of two LED sources typically used in commercial pulse oximeters.
March 2025
By: Kevin Benner, Andrew Bierman, Mark Rea
Contextual Factors Influencing Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Implementation for Paediatric Respiratory Distress in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: A Realist Review
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this study explores contextual factors influencing bCPAP implementation for children in LMICs and to develop a theory on how these factors influence implementation outcomes.
February 2025
By: Nadir Ijaz, Marie Nader, Matthew Ponticiello, Ashlee Vance, Brittney van de Water, Melissa Funaro, Qalab Abbas, John Adabie Appiah, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Walter Commerell, Suiyven Elvis Dzelamunyuy, Rudimar Martinez Fernandez, Anjelica Gonzalez, Cintia Johnston, Evance Luckson Kaiwe, Manjinder Kaur, Hans-Joerg Lang, Eric D. McCollum, José Marcos González Moraga, Jayashree Muralidharan, Kelsey Renning, Herng Lee Tan, Laura Alejandra Vélez Ruiz Gaitán, Sebastián González-Dambrauskas, Patrick Wilson, Brenda May Morrow, J. Lucian Davis
Analysis of the Effect of Skin Pigmentation and Oxygen Saturation on Monte Carlo-Simulated Reflectance Photoplethysmography Signals
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Sensors, this study sought to further investigate the root causes of overestimation of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in individuals with darker skin.
January 2025
By: Raghda Al-Halawani, Meha Qassem, Panicos A. Kyriacou
Community Health Worker and Caregiver Experiences and Perceptions of a Multimodal Handheld Pulse Oximeter Used in Sick Child Consultations in Rural Burundi: A Qualitative Evaluation
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS Global Public Health, this prospective study evaluated acceptability and feasibility of a multimodal pulse oximeter used by CHWs during their iCCM of childhood illness in rural Burundi.
January 2025
By: Sarah Bauler, Leocadie Nivyindika, Titus Kirwa, Vital Habonimana, Dionis Nizigiyimana, Miles A. Kirby, Asrat Tolossa
FDA Proposes Updated Recommendations to Help Improve Performance of Pulse Oximeters across Skin Tones
ARTICLE | The U.S. Food and Drug Administration published new draft guidance aimed at helping improve the accuracy and performance of pulse oximeters across the range of skin pigmentation.
January 2025
By: U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Implementation of a Novel Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure System with a Blender in Preterm Infants in a Low Resource Setting
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Perinatology, this study assessed if a novel CPAP system is associated with improvement in premature infants in a low-resource setting and if blended oxygen reduced FiO2.
January 2025
By: Emily Ahn, Aisa Shayo, Matei Mselle, Anna Sechu, Jeffrey Perlman
Masimo – Webinar: Not All Pulse Oximeters Are Created Equal: Addressing Skin Pigmentation in Pulse Oximetry
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | Published by Masimo, this webinar explores the impact of skin pigmentation on pulse oximeter accuracy and introduces advanced technology solutions to improve readings across all skin tones.
January 2025
By: Masimo
Performance Evaluation of a Locally Produced Pulse Oximeter
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Engineering and Technology Journal, this study aims to solve the problems of most aftermarket pulse oximeters by developing a cheap, durable, easy to operate, and enhanced reflectance option.
January 2025
By: Chizoba Maryann Ndunwa, Nnenna Harmony Nwobodo-Nzeribe, Peter Eze-Steven, Chidi Henry Onwuekwu
Pulse Oximetry: A Vital Tool with Important Functional Limitations for Patients with Dark Skin Color
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Universal Library of Clinical Nursing, this review reports the extent of measurement bias for pulse oximeters, describes its clinical importance, and discusses approaches to eliminating it.
January 2025
By: David E. Harris
Analysis of Melanin Concentration on Reflective Pulse Oximetry Using Monte Carlo Simulations
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in IEEE, this study investigates the impact of melanin concentration on the accuracy of oxygen saturation (SpO2) estimation using reflective photoplethysmography (PPG) measurements.
December 2024
By: Maximilian Reiser, Oliver Amft, Andreas Breidenassel
Automated Oxygen Administration versus Manual Control in Acute Cardiovascular Care: A Randomised Controlled Trial
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Heart, this study aimed to compare standard manual oxygen administration with automated oxygen administration (AOA) using the O2matic device.
December 2024
By: Ida Arentz Taraldsen, Johannes Grand, Jasmin Dam Lukoschewitz, Ekim Seven, Ulrik Dixen, Morten Petersen, Laura Rytoft, Marie Munk Jakobsen, Ejvind Frausing Hansen, Jens Dahlgaard Hove
Effects of Automated Versus Conventional Ventilation on Quality of Oxygenation—A Sub-study of a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Clinical Medicine, this study compares the quality of oxygenation from automated ventilation provided by INTELLiVENT-Adaptive Support Ventilation vs. ventilation that is not automated.
December 2024
By: Michela Botta, David M.P. van Meenen, Tobias D. van Leijsen, Jitske R. Rogmans, Stephanie S. List, Pim L.J. van der Heiden, Janneke Horn, Frederique Paulus, Marcus J. Schultz, Laura A. Buiteman-Kruizinga
Exploring the Role of ‘Outsourced Oxygen-to-the-Bedside’ in Expanding Oxygen Access for Patients
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This paper proposes a conceptualization of a particular delivery model that takes a broader approach than the traditional oxygen procurement and delivery – ‘Outsourced Oxygen-to-the-Bedside’ (O2B).
December 2024
By: Mattias Schedwin, Hamish Graham, Alex Losneanu, Jason Houdek, Freddy Eric Kitutu, Pius Mukisa, Tim Baker, Msira Mageni, Maire Raune, Amarpreet Rai, Aishat Adeniji, Oladeji Sofoluke, Michael Njuguna, Francis Achocho, Qaasim Mian, Abdullah Saleh, Michael Hawkes, Miranda Dixon, Pritika Kasliwal, Carina King
Families’ Perceptions of Consumer‐Grade, Inexpensive Oxygen Saturation Monitors
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pediatric Pulmonology, this study assesses families’ perceptions of consumer-grade oxygen saturation monitors, highlighting usage patterns and the need for education.
December 2024
By: Danielle Charland, Thomas Kovesi
The Affordable Care Act’s Call for Nondiscrimination: Addressing the Role of Pulse Oximetry in Racial Disparities
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Annals of the American Thoracic Society, this paper describes how this rule recognizes that pulse oximeters are less reliable on dark skin pigmentation and needs to be addressed.
December 2024
By: Howard L. Saft, Nirav R. Bhakta, An-Kwok Ian Wong, Sharron J. Crowder, Stuart C. Sweet, Indira Gurubhagavatula
Continuous Pulse Oximetry Monitoring in Children Hospitalized with Bronchiolitis: A Qualitative Analysis of Clinicians’ Justifications
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Hospital Medicine, this study found that most continuous pulse oximetry monitoring in stable bronchiolitis patients was done without clinical justification.
November 2024
By: Halley Ruppel, Christopher Bonafide, Rinad Beidas, Raymond Parlar-Chun, Prabi Rajbhandari, Andrew Kern-Goldberger, Patricia Stoeck, Kathleen Snow, Samantha House, Kate Lucey, Patrick Brady, Amanda Schondelmeyer
Racial Biases Associated with Pulse Oximetry: Longitudinal Social Network Analysis of Social Media Advocacy Impact
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal Medical Internet Research, this study explores the impact of social media, specifically X, on increasing awareness of racial disparities in the accuracy of pulse oximetry.
October 2024
By: Wasim Ahmed, Mariann Hardey, Bradford David Winters, Aarti Sarwal
Pulse Oximetry in Pediatric Care: Balancing Advantages and Limitations
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, this study evaluates the advantages, limitations, and challenges of pulse oximetry in clinical practice, as well as proposes recommendations to optimize its use.
September 2024
By: Mohammed Al-Beltagi, Nermin Kamal Saeed, Adel Salah Bediwy, Reem Elbeltagi
Automated Oxygen Administration in Hospitals: Will it Replace Manual Systems in the Near Future?
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Respiratory Care, this article summarizes the current status of automated oxygen administration systems, and their potential to improve precision in oxygen delivery.
August 2024
By: B. Ronan O’Driscoll, Louis Kirton
History and Social Implications of the Pulse Oximeter
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Cureus, this paper reviews the history and evolution of pulse oximeters, the scientific laws behind oximetry, and the limitations of pulse oximetry, especially related to skin pigmentation.
August 2024
By: Dean K. Zacharis, Daniel Z. Zhao, Latha Ganti
The Medical Oxygen Innovation Landscape: Technologies and Business Models to Improve Access
REPORT | This report highlights significant advancements in oxygen production, distribution, and delivery, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, which are crucial for improving health care in LMICs.
August 2024
By: Unitaid
Effectiveness of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Treatment of Children Aged 1-59 Months with Severe Pneumonia and Hypoxaemia in Ethiopia
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, the study demonstrated that bCPAP therapy reduced treatment failure and mortality in children with severe pneumonia and hypoxemia in Ethiopian hospitals.
May 2024
By: Meseret Gebre, Kassa Haile, Trevor Duke, Md Tanveer Faruk, Mehnaz Kamal, Md Farhad Kabir, Md Fakhar Uddin, Muluye Shimelis, Tigist Beyene, Bethelhem Solomon, Meles Solomon, Abebe Genetu Bayih, Alemseged Abdissa, Taye Tolera Balcha, Asrat Demtse, Abate Yeshidinber Weldetsadik, Bitseat W. Haile, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Tahmeed Ahmed, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
UNICEF Hands over First Fully Solar-Powered Oxygen Plant to Oyo State Government
ARTICLE | UNICEF has handed over Nigeria’s first fully solar-powered pressure swing adsorption oxygen plant to the Jericho Specialist Hospital, Ibadan in Oyo State.
May 2024
By: UNICEF
Implementation of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Children with Severe Pneumonia and Hypoxemia in Intensive Care Unit of Dhaka Hospital, Bangladesh—Effect on Pneumonia Mortality
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pediatric Pulmonology, this study evaluates the use of bCPAP in improving outcomes and reducing mortality in children with severe pneumonia and hypoxemia in Bangladesh.
April 2024
By: K.M. Shahunja, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Monira Sarmin, Farzana Afroze, Nusrat Shaly, Md Farhad Kabir, Shams El Arifeen, Tahmeed Ahmed, Trevor Duke
The Performance of 11 Fingertip Pulse Oximeters during Hypoxemia in Healthy Human Participants with Varied, Quantified Skin Pigment
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in EBioMedicine, this study evaluated eleven popular fingertip pulse oximeters using the U.S. FDA Guidance (2013) and ISO Standards (2017) in 34 humans with diverse skin pigmentation.
April 2024
By: Gregory Leeb, Isabella Auchus, Tyler Law, Philip E. Bickler, John Feiner, Shamsudini Hashi, Ellis Monk, Elizabeth Igaga, Michael Bernstein, Yu Celine Chou, Caroline Hughes, Deleree Schornack, Jenna Lester, Kelvin L. Moore, Olubunmi E. Okunlola, Jana Fernandez, Leonid Shmuylovich, Michael S. Lipnick
Cost Analysis of Different Medical Oxygen Sources for a Healthcare Facility in India
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, this study found that PSA plants are the most cost-effective source of medical oxygen when used at full capacity with electricity.
March 2024
By: Varun Manhas, Mahipal Rawat, Yogesh Kaurav, Sanjay Dhir, Kalyani Sangineni
Centralized Procurement Mechanism for RIX Oxygen Compressor Spare Parts
TOOL | This mechanism aggregated demand for oxygen compressor service kits across LMICs and fulfilled demand in a timely manner using advanced purchases of RIX Industries oxygen compressor service kits.
December 2023
By: PATH
Evaluation of Feasibility Phase of Adaptive Version of Locally Made Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Oxygen Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19 Positive and Negative Adults with Severe Pneumonia and Hypoxaemia
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Global Health, this study assesses the feasibility of using locally made bCPAP oxygen therapy for adults with severe pneumonia and hypoxemia.
November 2023
By: Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Taufiq Hasan, Tahmeed Ahmed, Shams El Arifeen, John David Clemens, Abu Sayem Mirza Md Hasibur Rahman, Md Fakhar Uddin, Md Robed Amin, Md Titu Miah, Md Khairul Islam, Mohiuddin Sharif, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Anisuddin Ahmed, Goutom Banik, Meemnur Rashid, Md Kawsar Ahmed, Lubaba Shahrin, Farzana Afroze, Monira Sarmin, Sharika Nuzhat, Supriya Sarkar, Jahurul Islam, Muhammad Shariful Islam, John Norrie, Harry Campbell, Harish Nair, Steve Cunningham
Going Beyond the Means: Exploring the Role of Bias from Digital Determinants of Health in Technologies
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS Digital Health, this article investigates how digital determinants of health contribute to bias in health technologies and their potential impact on healthcare equity.
October 2023
By: Marie-Laure Charpignon, Adrien Carrel, Yihang Jiang, Beatriz Cantada, Terry Hyslop, Christopher Cox, Krista Haines, Valencia Koomson, Guillaume Dumas, Michael Morley, Jessilyn Dunn, An-Kwok Ian Wong
Detecting Hypoxaemia Among Children with Pneumonia in Low-Resource Settings
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, this article calls for a revision of WHO’s pneumonia guidelines in light of new findings from Bangladesh.
September 2023
By: Shams El Arifeen, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman
Hospital Fire Outbreaks Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Low- and Middle-Income Settings
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Patient Safety, this article highlights the rise in hospital fire outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs and calls for enhanced fire prevention measures.
June 2023
By: Jonathan Bayuo, Precious Adade Duodu
Building Implementable Packages for Universal Health Coverage
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this article emphasizes the challenges in bridging the gap between prioritizing health services for universal health coverage (UHC) and implementing them effectively.
May 2023
By: Teri Reynolds, Thomas Wilkinson, Melanie Bertram, Rob Baltussen, Awad Mataria, Ferozuddin Feroz, Mohamed Jama
Racial Disparities in Pulse Oximeter Device Inaccuracy and Estimated Clinical Impact on COVID-19 Treatment Course
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, this study analyzed pulse oximeter accuracy on darker skin pigmentation and its association with COVID-19 treatment outcomes in Northern California.
May 2023
By: Sylvia E.K. Sudat, Paul Wesson, Kim F. Rhoads, Stephanie Brown, Noha Aboelata, Alice R. Pressman, Aravind Mani, Kristen M.J. Azar
Technical Innovation in Critical Care in a World of Constraints: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, this article describes how innovations in oxygen delivery should incorporate all aspects of the oxygen system yet be frugal.
May 2023
By: Armand Mekontso Dessap, Jean-Christophe Marie Richard, Tim Baker, Aurélie Godard, Guillaume Carteaux
Knowledge Transfer in Support of the Development of Oxygen Concentrators in Emergency Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Chemical Education, this study highlights the role of knowledge transfer in the development of oxygen concentrators during the COVID-19 pandemic.
April 2023
By: Urs B Lustenberger, Alexandra Krestnikova, Olivier Gröninger, Wendelin Stark
Bubble CPAP Respiratory Support Devices for Infants in Low-Resource Settings
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pediatric Pulmonology, this article reviews the use of bbCPAP devices in low-resource settings, highlighting how such devices can reduce neonatal mortality despite limited resources.
March 2023
By: Sofia Poletto, Daniele Trevisanuto, Viraraghavan V. Ramaswamy, Paul Ouedraogo, Raffaele Dellacà, Emanuela Zannin
List of Medical Oxygen Generators Classified According to the Quality Assurance Requirements
TOOL | The Global Fund is partnering with UNICEF to source oxygen products. The current product list, including pricing and a link to the technical specifications, can be found in this document.
March 2023
By: The Global Fund, UNICEF
Solar Power Generation System Handed Over
ARTICLE | WHO Nepal handed over a solar power generation system to Province Hospital, Surkhet to power their PSA plant and support other medical and IT equipment.
March 2023
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Pulse Oximeters and Violation of Federal Antidiscrimination Law
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in JAMA, this Viewpoint discusses how some pulse oximeters can provide incorrect oxygen saturation data for dark-skinned patients compared with light-skinned patients.
February 2023
By: Annabel Kupke, Carmel Shachar, Christopher Robertson
Energizing Health: Accelerating Electricity Access in Health-Care Facilities
GUIDANCE | The publication provides a comprehensive update on the status and key actions needed for providing reliable, modern energy to health-care facilities in low- and middle-income countries.
January 2023
By: World Health Organization (WHO), The World Bank
Exports by Country in 2022: Medical Ventilators, CPAP, BiPAP, Oxygen Concentrators
DATA DASHBOARD | This World Bank dashboard highlights exports by countries from 2022, including medical ventilators, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), and oxygen concentrators.
January 2023
By: The World Bank
Solarizing Medical Oxygen Systems in India: Greening up to Save Lives
TOOL | India procured numerous PSA plants during COVID-19 however many are underutilized due to electricity needs. Creating a low-cost power alternative is pertinent for their sustainability in the country.
January 2023
By: Jayendra Kasar, Satish Tajne, Megha Mandalaparthy, K.G. Venkateswaran
Building Powerful Health Systems: The Impacts of Electrification on Health Outcomes in LMICs
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Psychology, Health & Medicine, this study examines how electrification in LMICs improves healthcare outcomes, particularly in antenatal care, emergency services, and medical supply reliability.
December 2022
By: Alhadi Khogali, Almegdad Ahmed, Mona Ibrahim, Elfatih Abdelraheem, Lucie Cluver, Elsiddig Elmukashfi
Meeting Summary: Roundtable on Sustaining Access to Liquid Medical Oxygen in LMICs
REPORT | Published by the AtMF and Chatham House, this report summarizes the roundtable discussions on sustaining long-term LOX access in LMICs, focusing on funding, production, and public-private collaboration.
December 2022
By: Access to Medicines Foundation, Chatham House
NEST360 Newborn Technology Landscape
REPORT | This NEST360 report outlines a compendium of newborn healthcare technologies, both commercially available and in development, suitable for use in resource-limited settings.
December 2022
By: NEST360
Masks versus Prongs as Interfaces for Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Preterm Infants
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, this study evaluates nasal masks and prongs as interfaces for CPAP in preterm infants, comparing their effects on treatment success, nasal trauma, etc.
November 2022
By: Raj Prakash, Antonio G. De Paoli, Sam Oddie, Peter Davis, William McGuire
Oxygen Concentrator Specifications
TOOL | This sheet is a living document and is being populated with specifications of oxygen concentrators.
November 2022
By: Open Critical Care, Sustaining Technical and Analytic Resources (STAR) project, University of California, San Francisco
Constrained Medical Oxygen Supply Chain in India During COVID-19: Red-tapism, the Elephant in the Room?
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, this study found that regulatory bottlenecks in India’s medical oxygen supply chain worsened during the COVID-19 crisis.
October 2022
By: Naveen Gowda, Vijaydeep Siddharth, Parmeshwar Kumar, H. Vikas, Prakash Swaminathan, Atul Kumar
Modelling the Cost-Effectiveness of Pulse Oximetry in Primary Care Management of Acute Respiratory Infection in Rural Northern Thailand
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Tropical Medicine & International Health, this study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of adding pulse oximetry to primary care for acute respiratory infection management in rural Thailand.
October 2022
By: Rusheng Chew, Rachel C. Greer, Nidanuch Tasak, Nicholas P.J. Day, Yoel Lubell
PPM Reference Price List: Oxygen Products
TOOL | The Global Fund is partnering with UNICEF to source oxygen products. The current product list, including pricing and a link to the technical specifications, can be found in this document.
October 2022
By: The Global Fund, UNICEF
Effectiveness of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (BCPAP) for Treatment of Children Aged 1-59 Months with Severe Pneumonia and Hypoxemia in Ethiopia: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Clinical Medicine, this trial assesses BCPAP versus low-flow oxygen therapy for treating childhood pneumonia and hypoxemia in Ethiopia.
August 2022
By: Meseret Gebre, Kassa Haile, Trevor Duke, Md Tanveer Faruk, Mehnaz Kamal, Md Farhad Kabir, Md Fakhar Uddin, Muluye Shimelis, Bethelhem Solomon, Abebe Genetu Bayih, Alemseged Abdissa, Taye Tolera Balcha, Asrat Demtse, Bitseat W. Haile, Tahmeed Ahmed, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
The Accuracy of Pulse Oximetry in Measuring Oxygen Saturation by Levels of Skin Pigmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Medicine, this study systematically reviewed the effects of skin pigmentation on the SpO2 accuracy by pulse oximetry compared with the gold standard SaO2 measured by CO-oximetry.
August 2022
By: Chunhu Shi, Mark Goodall, Jo Dumville, Gill Norman, Oliver Hamer, Andrew Clegg, Caroline Leigh Watkins, George Georgiou, Alexander Hodkinson, Catherine Elizabeth Lightbody, Paul Dark, Nicky Cullum
Design for Oxygen Concentrator Usability in Under-resourced Healthcare Settings
GUIDANCE | This guide highlights evaluation results and provides 12 opportunities of designing oxygen concentrators, humidifier bottles, and flow splitters to address the oxygen gap in healthcare settings in LMICs.
July 2022
By: Spark Health Design, Oxygen for Life Initiative, Center for Public Health and Development Kenya, UNICEF
Recommendations for the Adoption and Procurement of Pressure Swing Adsorption Oxygen Generator Plants
GUIDANCE | This publication provides an overview of the process of evaluation, adoption, and acquisition of PSA oxygen plants by comparing technical, administrative, and financial aspects of this technology.
July 2022
By: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
NEST360 Qualified Technologies
TOOL | The NEST360 qualified technologies are a list of newborn care technologies best suited for use in low-resource setting hospitals, including being effective, affordable, rugged, and simple to use.
June 2022
By: NEST360
Pulse Oximetry: Self-learning Course
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | This course covers pulse oximetry use in the time of COVID-19.
June 2022
By: LifeBox
Quality and Regulation Standards for Ventilator as Medical Devices in India
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, this study focuses on the devices, including ventilators, which require regulations but still lack the quality check points.
June 2022
By: Nidhi Pandey, Arti R. Thakkar, Ramanpreet Walia
Target Product Profile: Oxygen Concentrator
TOOL | UNICEF, in collaboration with NEST360 and the Oxygen CoLab, is driving the development of a fit-for-purpose Resilient Oxygen Concentrator for low-resource settings.
April 2022
By: UNICEF, NEST360
Pulse Oximetry Decision Support Tool for COVID-19
TOOL | Lifebox has worked with its global network of partners to distribute pulse oximeters across 53 countries for the ongoing care of COVID-19 patients as well as developed multi-language educational materials.
February 2022
By: LifeBox
Review on People’s Trust on Home Use Medical Devices during COVID‑19 Pandemic in India
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Health and Technology, this article aims to create awareness about commonly used medical devices during the COVID-19 pandemic and to survey trust in home usable devices in India.
February 2022
By: Garima Saini, Vikas Budhwar, Manjusha Choudhary
Comparison of HFNC and NIV Use in Hypoxic Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients: A Retrospective Study
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, this study compared PEAO rates in nasotracheal vs orotracheal intubation in critically ill children.
January 2022
By: Aathira Jose, Vivekananthan, Lakshmikanthcharan Saravanabavan, Muthusamy N. Sivakumar
Fonctionnalite des concentrateurs d’oxygene hospitaliers au Nord Kivu, Republique Democratique du Congo [Functionality of hospital oxygen concentrators in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo]
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Sante Publique, this article investigates the functionality of oxygen concentrators in hospitals in North Kivu, DRC, and emphasizes the need for improved maintenance and training.
January 2022
By: Jean-Bosco Mbeva Kahindo, Prudence Mitangala Ndeba, Nzanzu Mahamba, Edison Maombi, Janvier Kubuya Bonane, Denis Porignon
Defining Hypoxaemia from Pulse Oximeter Measurements of Oxygen Saturation in Well Children at Low Altitude in Bangladesh: An Observational Study
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open Respiratory Research, this study found that the SpO2 threshold for hypoxemia in well children from Bangladesh was higher than the conventional <90%.
November 2021
By: Eric D. McCollum, Carina King, Salahuddin Ahmed, Arunangshu Roy, Asmd Ashraful Islam, Tim Colbourn, Holly Schuh, Amy Sarah Ginsburg, Shubhada Hooli, Nabidul Chowdhury, Syed Rizvi, Nazma Begum, Abdullah Baqui, William Checkley
The World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists Minimum Capnometer Specifications 2021—A Guide for Healthcare Decision Makers
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists (WFSA) has developed the “WFSA—Minimum Capnometer Specifications 2021”, which are published in Anesthesia & Analgesia.
November 2021
By: Adrian W. Gelb, Robert J. McDougall, Julian Gore-Booth, Phoebe-Anne Mainland
First UNICEF Oxygen Plant-in-a-Box Heads to Uganda to Help with COVID-19 Response
ARTICLE | UNICEF has developed an innovative Oxygen Plant-in-a-Box package in response to COVID-19 to help countries rapidly increase their oxygen producing capacity. This provides an example from Uganda.
September 2021
By: UNICEF
NEST360 Clinical Job Aid: Acare Suction Pump
TOOL | This clinical job aid from NEST360 provides an overview of an Acare suction pump, including assessment and preparation as well as repair and maintenance of the device.
August 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Clinical Job Aid: AirSep Oxygen Concentrator
TOOL | This clinical job aid from NEST360 provides an overview of an AirSep oxygen concentrator, including assessment and preparation as well as repair and maintenance of the device.
August 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Clinical Job Aid: Aspeed Suction Pump
TOOL | This clinical job aid from NEST360 provides an overview of an Aspeed suction pump, including assessment and preparation as well as repair and maintenance of the device.
August 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Clinical Job Aid: Bistos Pulse Oximeter
TOOL | This clinical job aid from NEST360 provides an overview of a Bistos pulse oximeter, including assessment and preparation as well as repair and maintenance of the device.
August 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Clinical Job Aid: Bubble CPAP
TOOL | This clinical job aid from NEST360 provides an overview of a bubble CPAP device.
August 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Clinical Job Aid: Canta Oxygen Concentrator
TOOL | This clinical job aid from NEST360 provides an overview of a Canta oxygen concentrator, including assessment and preparation as well as repair and maintenance of the device.
August 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Clinical Job Aid: Flow Splitter
TOOL | This clinical job aid from NEST360 provides an overview of a flow splitter, including assessment and preparation as well as repair and maintenance of the device.
August 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Clinical Job Aid: LifeBox Pulse Oximeter
TOOL | This clinical job aid from NEST360 provides an overview of a LifeBox pulse oximeter, including assessment and preparation as well as repair and maintenance of the device.
August 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Training Videos
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | These NEST360 training videos demonstrate model-specific equipment setup, use, and maintenance and are used as training aids in clinical and technical training.
August 2021
By: NEST360
Cost Analysis and Critical Success Factors of the Use of Oxygen Concentrators versus Cylinders in Sub-Divisional Hospitals in Fiji
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this study showed that using oxygen concentrators in Fiji’s hospitals would reduce costs by 55% compared to using oxygen cylinders alone.
July 2021
By: Susan McAllister, Louise Thorn, Sainimere Boladuadua, Mireia Gil, Rick Audas, Tim Edmonds, Eric Rafai, Philip Hill, Stephen Howie
Common Noninvasive Oxygen Delivery Devices
TOOL | This document, featuring common noninvasive oxygen delivery devices, is part of a set of tools that can be locally modified to train health providers in respiratory care.
June 2021
By: Open Critical Care, Sustaining Technical and Analytic Resources (STAR) project, University of California, San Francisco
Estimated Cost-Effectiveness of Solar-Powered Oxygen Delivery for Pneumonia in Young Children in Low-Resource Settings
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in JAMA Open Network, this study reviewed the cost-effectiveness of solar-powered oxygen delivery for young children with severe pneumonia in low-resource settings.
June 2021
By: Yiming Huang, Qaasim Mian, Nicholas Conradi, Robert Opika Opoka, Andrea L. Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, Michael Hawkes
NEST360 Technical Scenario: Bubble CPAP
TOOL | This tool from NEST360 provides a technical scenario for a bubble CPAP device.
April 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Technical Scenario: Flow Splitter
TOOL | This tool from NEST360 provides a technical scenario for a flow splitter.
April 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Technical Scenario: Oxygen Concentrator
TOOL | This tool from NEST360 provides a technical scenario for an oxygen concentrator.
April 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Technical Scenario: Pulse Oximeter
TOOL | This tool from NEST360 provides a technical scenario for a pulse oximeter.
April 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Technical Scenario: Suction Pump
TOOL | This tool from NEST360 provides a technical scenario for a suction pump.
April 2021
By: NEST360
Establishment of the African Medicines Agency: Progress, Challenges and Regulatory Readiness
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, this paper reviews key entities involved in regional and continental harmonization of medicines regulation and the milestone of the African Medicines Agency.
March 2021
By: Bakani Mark Ncube, Admire Dube, Kim Ward
Improving Access to Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Medical Products in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Considerations for Effective Registration Systems
REPORT | This report presents findings of the registration status of tracer MNCH medicines and the functionality of regulatory agencies with respect to legal provisions, organization and resources, and registration processes.
March 2021
By: Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) program
Bubble CPAP Splitting: Innovative Strategy in Resource-Limited Settings
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Disease in Childhood, this study explores the feasibility of splitting a bubble CPAP assembly using a T-piece splitter in a simulation model.
February 2021
By: Akanksha Verma, Rahul Jaiswal, Kirti M. Naranje, Anita Singh
Happy Hypoxia in COVID-19 Patients at Kinshasa University Hospital (Democratic Republic of the Congo): Frequency and Vital Outcome
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, this article explores the occurrence of “happy hypoxia” in COVID-19 patients in Kinshasa, highlighting the importance of early detection.
February 2021
By: Ben Bepouka, Hippolyte Situakibanza, Ossam Odio, Madone Mandina, Murielle Longokolo, Nadine Mayasi, Kazadi Mutombo, Tresor Pata, Godelive Nsangana, Felly Tshikangu, Donatien Mangala, Dupont Maheshe, Christine Namasale, Serge Nkarnkwin, Jonathan Muamba, Gorby Ndaie, Rodrigue Ngwizani, Hervé Mole, Gabriel Makeya, Tharcisse Mabiala, Patrick Mukuna, Roger Kabango, Patricia Kabuni, Yves Yanga, Aliocha Nkodila, Hervé Keke, Nice Musangu, Papy Tshimanga, Yamin Kokusa, Bertin Nsitwayizatadi, Eric Mukenge, Guyguy Kamwiziku, Gabriel Mbunsu, Jean Claude Makangara, Marcel Mbula, Jean Marie Kayembe
Lessons and Risks of Medical Device Deployment in a Global Pandemic
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | To respond to inflated costs and export restrictions on medical equipment, Mercedes HPP worked with key experts to produce a simple, mechanical noninvasive respiratory device to deliver CPAP.
February 2021
By: Rebecca J. Shipley, David Brealey, Rashan Haniffa, Clare Elwell, Tim Baker, David A. Lomas, Mervyn Singer
Response to Oxygen Therapy Using Oxygen Concentrators Run off Solar Power in Children with Respiratory Distress in Remote Primary Health Facilities in Papua New Guinea
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Tropical Doctor, this prospective observational study looked at the use of oxygen concentrators using solar power in remote health facilities of Papua New Guinea.
January 2021
By: Francis Pulsan, Trevor Duke
Mechanical Ventilation with Room Air is Feasible in a Moderate Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Pig Model – Implications for Disaster Situations and Low-Income Nations
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, this study explores the feasibility of mechanical ventilation with room air in ARDS models, suggesting its potential use in low-resource settings.
December 2020
By: Pinchas Halpern, Michael Goldvaser, Guy Yacov, Ada Wenger, Keren Bachar, Shahaf Katalan
The Development and Implementation of An Oxygen Treatment Solution for Health Facilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of Global Health, this study describes the development and field testing of two oxygen supply solutions suitable for the realities of health facilities in LMICs.
December 2020
By: Stephen Howie, Bernard E. Ebruke, Mireia Gil, Beverly Bradley, Ebrima Nyassi, Sainimere Boladuadua, Senimili Rasili, Eric Rafai, Grant Mackenzie, Yu-Ling Cheng, David Peel, Joan Vives-Tomas, Syed M.A. Zaman
ISO 80601-2-69:2020: Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 2-69: Particular Requirements for Basic Safety and Essential Performance of Oxygen Concentrator Equipment
GUIDANCE | This document specifies requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of an oxygen concentrator in combination with its accessories.
November 2020
By: International Standards Organization
Sustainable Off-Grid Oxygen Concentration with Direct Solar Power
ARTICLE | This project explored the possibilities of producing concentrated medical-grade oxygen with direct solar power during daytime and store it as compressed gas for night-time use.
November 2020
By: Médecins sans Frontières
Implementing Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in a Lower Middle-Income Country: A Nigerian Experience
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Pan African Medical Journal, study assesses the implementation of a multi-center, comprehensive hospital-based bCPAP program in three states of Nigeria using a low-cost device.
September 2020
By: Chiamaka Aneji, Tyler Hartman, Oluyinka Olutunde, Eghosa Ewumwen, Oniyire Adetiloye, Joseph de Graft-Johnson, V. Chinyere Ezeaka, Angela Okolo, Ngozi Ibeziako, Obumneme Ezeanosike, Patricia Medupin, George Little
Evolution of Solar PV Module Cost by Data Source, 1970–2020
REPORT | This dashboard illustrates the evolution of solar PV module cost by data source between 1970 and 2020.
July 2020
By: International Energy Agency
UNICEF Oxygen System Planning Tool
TOOL | UNICEF has developed an Excel-based tool to help stakeholders plan their oxygen supply system.
July 2020
By: UNICEF
How to Use the LifeBox Pulse Oximeter
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | This is an instructional video to show the use of a LifeBox pulse oximeter in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
April 2020
By: LifeBox
Use of a Pulse Oximeter in the COVID-19 Pandemic
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | This instructional video demonstrates how to use a pulse oximeter in the COVID-19 pandemic.
April 2020
By: LifeBox
Target Product Profiles for Newborn Care in Low-resource Settings
TOOL | In collaboration with UNICEF, NEST360 is driving the development of target product profiles for newborn care in low-resource settings.
March 2020
By: NEST360, UNICEF
Availability and Use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for Neonatal Care in Public Health Facilities in India: A Cross-Sectional Cluster Survey
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study revealed that CPAP is used in neonatal units across India but faces significant infrastructure and training gaps, with high case fatality rates and complications.
February 2020
By: Juan Emmanuel Dewez, Sushma Nangia, Harish Chellani, Matthews Mathai, Nynke van den Broek
Oxygen Devices and Delivery Systems
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Breathe (Sheffield, England), this article reviews oxygen devices and delivery systems, including concentrators and cylinders, and discusses their indications, benefits, and limitations for managing respiratory failure and hypoxemia.
September 2019
By: Georgia Hardavella, Ioannis Karampinis, Armin Frille, Ilona Rousalova
A New Low-Cost Commercial Bubble CPAP (bCPAP) Machine Compared with a Traditional bCPAP Device in Nigeria
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, this study designed, produced, and trialed an appropriate low-cost bCPAP machine in Nigeria which is functionally effective and safe.
August 2019
By: Hippolite O. Amadi, Ifeoluwa O. Abioye, Amina L. Abubakar, Eyinade K. Olateju, Christiana T. Adesina, Sule Umar, Bessie C. Eziechila
Bubble CPAP Devices for Infants and Children in Resource-Limited Settings: Review of the Literature
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Paediatric International Child Health, this review identified key components for designing bubble CPAP circuits for children in low-resource settings.
August 2019
By: Alice Won, Daniela Suarez-Rebling, Arianne Baker, Thomas Burke, Brett Nelson
CPAP and High Flow Oxygen to Address High Mortality of Very Severe Pneumonia
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Paediatric International Child Health, this commentary article contextualizes the importance of research into two treatment modes proposed in low-income countries: CPAP and humidified HFNC.
August 2019
By: Trevor Duke
Bubble CPAP and Oxygen for Child Pneumonia Care in Malawi: A CPAP IMPACT Time Motion Study
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this study found that bCPAP required more time from healthcare workers than low-flow nasal oxygen in treating child pneumonia in Malawi.
July 2019
By: Tisungane Mvalo, Davie Kondowe, Mina Hosseinipour, Alfred Chalira, Norman Lufesi, Michelle Eckerle, Andrew G. Smith, Eric D. McCollum
Opportunities and Barriers in Paediatric Pulse Oximetry for Pneumonia in Low Resource Clinical Settings: A Qualitative Evaluation from Malawi and Bangladesh
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study evaluates the feasibility of pediatric pulse oximetry for pneumonia in Malawi and Bangladesh, identifying barriers and calling for improvements in infrastructure.
January 2018
By: Carina King, Nicholas Boyd, Isabeau A. Walker, Beatiwel Zadutsa, Abdullah Baqui, Salahuddin Ahmed, Mazharul Islam, Esther Kainja, Bejoy Nambiar, Iain H. Wilson, Eric D. McCollum
Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in the Treatment of Severe Paediatric Pneumonia in Malawi: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study found that bCPAP is a cost-effective intervention for treating severe pediatric pneumonia in Malawi, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$12.88 per DALY averted.
July 2017
By: Teresa Bleakly Kortz, Benjamin Herzel, Elliot Marseille
Modeling the Potential Impact of Emerging Innovations on Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals Related to Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, this study evaluates the impact of emerging health innovations on maternal, newborn, and child health to save lives by 2030.
July 2017
By: Tara Herrick, Claudia Harner-Jay, Craig Shaffer, Peder Digre, Amie Batson
ISO 80601-2-61, Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 2-61: Particular Requirements for Basic Safety and Essential Performance of Pulse Oximeter Equipment
GUIDANCE | ISO 80601-2-61:2017 applies to the basic safety and essential performance of pulse oximeter equipment intended for use on humans.
June 2017
By: International Standards Organization
Lifebox Pulse Oximeter Implementation in Malawi: Evaluation of Educational Outcomes and Impact on Oxygen Desaturation Episodes during Anaesthesia
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anaesthesia, this study determined whether the introduction of pulse oximetry with training was feasible and could reduce the incidence of oxygen desaturation during anesthesia in Malawi.
June 2017
By: Vanessa Albert, Samson Kwazizira Mndolo, Ewan M. Harrison, Ellen O’Sullivan, Iain H. Wilson, Isabeau A. Walker
The Effective Introduction of Lifebox Pulse Oximetry to Malawi
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anaesthesia, this article highlights the introduction of Lifebox pulse oximeters combined with appropriate training in Malawi.
April 2017
By: David Scott, Robert J. McDougall
Implementation and 8-year Follow-up of an Uninterrupted Oxygen Supply System in a Hospital in The Gambia
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, this article examines the success and impact of an uninterrupted oxygen supply system in a Gambian hospital over eight years.
August 2016
By: Beverly Bradley, J.D. Light, Augustine Ebonyi, Pamela Collier Njai, Readon C. Ideh, Bernard E. Ebruke, Ebrima Nyassi, David Peel, Stephen Howie
The Accuracy of 6 Inexpensive Pulse Oximeters Not Cleared by the Food and Drug Administration: The Possible Global Public Health Implications
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anesthesia & Analgesia, this study evaluated the accuracy of 6 low-cost finger pulse oximeters during stable arterial oxygen saturations (SaO2) between 70% and 100% in 22 healthy subjects.
August 2016
By: Michael S. Lipnick, John Feiner, Paul Au, Michael Bernstein, Philip E. Bickler
The Safe Bubble CPAP Project
MULTIMEDIA | The Safe Newborn bCPAP Project will address the lack of access in low-resource settings to safe and affordable treatment for respiratory distress syndrome.
August 2016
By: The Adara Project
Non-invasive Ventilation with Bubble CPAP is Feasible and Improves Respiratory Physiology in Hospitalised Malawian Children with Acute Respiratory Failure
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Paediatric International Child Health, this study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of bCPAP in treating acute respiratory failure in Malawian children.
February 2016
By: Jona Walk, Precious Dinga, Clever Banda, Thomson Msiska, E. Chitsamba, N. Chiwayula, Norman Lufesi, Rachel Mlotha-Mitole, Anthony Costello, Ajib Phiri, Tim Colbourn, Eric D. McCollum, Hans-Joerg Lang
Technology Landscape: Oxygen Concentrators
TOOL | This table shows the landscape of commercially available stationary and portable oxygen concentrators and related devices.
October 2015
By: PATH
Design for Reliability: Ideal Product Requirement Specifications for Oxygen Concentrators for Children With Hypoxemia in Low-resource Settings
GUIDANCE | This document provides guidance to developers and manufacturers on the key performance requirements and potential design for a reliable, robust, and scalable oxygen concentrator.
May 2015
By: PATH
Effect of Solar Panels on Inpatient Paediatric Mortality in a District Hospital in Sierra Leone
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Diseases in Childhood, this study evaluated the impact of installing a hybrid solar power system on in-patient pediatric mortality at a district hospital in Sierra Leone.
April 2015
By: B. Morrissey, Niall Conroy, A. Estelle
Fear of Oxygen Therapy for Children in Malawi
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Disease in Childhood, this study examines the fear of oxygen therapy for children in Malawi, identifying key factors influencing acceptance and suggesting strategies to improve uptake.
March 2015
By: Anna Clare Stevenson, Christopher Edwards, Josephine Langton, Neil Kennedy
Fires in Indian Hospitals: Root Cause Analysis and Recommendations for their Prevention
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, this article analyzes the root causes of hospital fires in India and provides recommendations for preventing these incidents, with a focus on oxygen safety.
August 2014
By: Kanchan Chowdhury
Evaluation of Oxygen Concentrators for Use in Countries with Limited Resources
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anaesthesia, this study evaluates seven models of oxygen concentrators for use in resource-limited countries, identifying key performance issues under high temperature and humidity conditions.
July 2013
By: David Peel, Robert Neighbour, Roger J. Eltringham
Pulse Oximeters—Premarket Notification Submissions [510(k)s]: Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff
GUIDANCE | The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has developed this guidance document to assist industry in preparing premarket notifications (510(k)s) for pulse oximeters.
March 2013
By: U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
A High-Value, Low-Cost Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure System for Low-Resource Settings: Technical Assessment and Initial Case Reports
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study describes the design and technical evaluation of a new, rugged bCPAP system that can be made in small volume for approximately $350.
January 2013
By: Jocelyn Brown, Heather Machen, Kondwani Kawaza, Zondiwe Mwanza, Suzanne Iniguez, Alfred Gest, Neil Kennedy, Robert Miros, Elizabeth Molyneux, Maria Oden
A Solar-powered, Ceramic Oxygen Concentrator
TOOL | A new oxygen concentrator technology uses electrolytic oxygen transfer through a ceramic, monolithic wafer—capable of producing high-purity (>99.9%) pressurized (200 psig) oxygen without a mechanical compressor.
October 2012
By: NASA Johnson Space Center, Center Innovation Fund
Options for Medical Oxygen Technology Systems in Low-Resource Settings: A Framework for Comparison
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This review presents and compares four different medical oxygen system configurations across a wide range of criteria relevant to low-resource settings.
October 2012
By: Beverly Bradley, Shawn Qu, Yu-Ling Cheng, David Peel, Stephen Howie
Assessment of Power Availability and Development of a Low-Cost Battery-Powered Medical Oxygen Delivery System: For Use in Low-Resource Health Facilities in Developing Countries
ARTICLE | Published in the 2011 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference, this study explores the use of oxygen concentrators as a solution to oxygen shortages in developing countries.
October 2011
By: Beverly Bradley, Yu-Ling Cheng, David Peel, Stephen Howie
Handheld Pulse Oximeter Model: AH-M1 Instruction Manual
GUIDANCE | Published by Acare Technology Co., Ltd., this manual outlines the usage, setup, and safety guidelines for the AH-M1 handheld pulse oximeter, including features like alarms and maintenance procedures.
July 2011
By: Acare Technology Co., Ltd
Global Oximetry: An International Anaesthesia Quality Improvement Project
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anaesthesia, this article discusses the international anaesthesia quality improvement project focused on expanding the availability and use of pulse oximetry in hospitals across low-resource settings.
October 2009
By: Isabeau A. Walker, Alan Merry, Iain H. Wilson, Gretl A. McHugh, Ellen O’Sullivan, Gavin M. Thoms, Florian Nuevo, David K. Whitaker
Oxygen Concentrators for Use in Tropical Countries A Survey
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Clinical Engineering, this survey evaluates 11 oxygen concentrator models for use in tropical countries, identifying the most effective models based on performance, cost, etc.
October 2009
By: David Peel, Stephen Howie
Implementation of an Oxygen Concentrator System in District Hospital Paediatric Wards throughout Malawi
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, this article details the successful implementation of oxygen concentrators in Malawi’s pediatric wards to combat hypoxemia in severely ill children.
May 2008
By: Penny Enarson, Sophie La Vincente, Robert Gie, Codewell Chokani
Beyond Good Intentions: Lessons on Equipment Donations from a Hospital in Africa
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, this study highlights the challenges faced by a Gambian hospital after receiving incompatible oxygen concentrators.
January 2008
By: Stephen Howie, Sarah Hill, David Peel, Momodou Sanneh, Malick Njie, Philip Hill, Kim Mulholland, Richard A. Adegbola
How to Procure and Commission Your Healthcare Technology
GUIDANCE | Published by the UK Department for International Development, this guide provides a detailed process for procuring and commissioning healthcare technology, covering preparation, procurement, distribution, and installation.
January 2005
By: UK Department of International Development
Cost Impact of COPD in Japan: Opportunities and Challenges?
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Respirology, this study found that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease imposes a significant economic burden on Japan, with total costs amounting to 805.5 billion yen annually.
November 2004
By: Shuzo Nishimura, Carol Zaher
Oxygen Concentrators for the Delivery of Oxygen in Remote High-Altitude Areas
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Wilderness Environmental Medicine, this study highlights the use of oxygen concentrators in remote high-altitude hospitals, demonstrating significant cost savings and reliable oxygen delivery compared to traditional cylinders.
October 2000
By: James Litch, Rachel Bishop
Field Trials of Oxygen Concentrators in Upper Egypt
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet, this article details a field trial in Upper Egypt that tests the effectiveness of oxygen concentrators in small rural hospitals.
June 1996
By: M. Dobson, David Peel, N. Khallaf
Contribution of Routine Pulse Oximetry to Evaluation and Management of Patients with Respiratory Illness in a Pediatric Emergency Department
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Annals of Emergency Medicine, this study showed that clinical evaluation alone was insufficient to detect low oxygen saturation in pediatric patients.
January 1995
By: Amy J. Maneker, Emory M. Petrack, Steven E. Krug
Anaesthetic Equipment for a Developing Country
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the British Journal of Anaesthesia, this article describes the development of a suitable anesthetic machine for underdeveloped contexts and the match of a suitable oxygen concentrator.
February 1991
By: J. Pedersen, Mette Nyrop
Oxygen Concentrators
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, this study assessed the features of a Kinox-2 concentrator at the Military Hospital in Kathmandu.
September 1987
By: Bal Bahadur Swar
Oxygen Concentrator in a Remote Hospital in Zaire
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Tropical Doctor, this study looks at the use of oxygen concentrators in a remote hospital in Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
January 1985
By: Philip Wood
Biomedical Engineering Technician Training: Oxygen Concentrators
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | In this course, biomedical engineers with a strong background in biomedical engineering or electronics will be given a refresher on oxygen concentrators.
By: Stanford Medicine – Anesthesia Division of Global Health Equity, Assist International
COVID-19 Donations in Kind
TOOL | This form allows organizations to report their donations for COVID-19.
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Open Oximetry: Pulse Oximeters
TOOL | This resource provides a list of various makes and models of existing pulse oximeters.
By: Open Oximetry
Oxygen Plant-in-a-Box
TOOL | UNICEF worked with industry to rapidly develop an innovative emergency solution: the Oxygen Plant-in-a-Box—a fully functional pressure swing adsorption (PSA) oxygen plant.
By: UNICEF
Oxygen Supply Systems from Fritz Stephan GmbH
TOOL | This website provides the oxygen technology from Fritz Stephan GmbH – tailor-made ventilation solutions for premature infants, children, and adults.
By: Fritz Stephan GmbH
The OxBox: Project Introduction
TOOL | The OxBox device allows for rapid scaling up oxygen delivery capacity in low-resource settings by mitigating two main barriers: electricity and cost-effectiveness.
By: Build Health International
The Oxygen Library
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | This oxygen library by the Oxygen Alliance includes videos, comprehensive service manuals, and other information on every oxygen concentrator the Alliance has analyzed in the past.
By: OpenO2 at the Global Health Informatics Institute, Oxygen Alliance
Vital: The COVID-19 Ventilator Device
TOOL | NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory designed an FDA qualifiable ventilating device that can serve a targeted subset of the patient population suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19.
By: Jet Propulsion Lab, California Institute of Technology
Bioforge OxySaver
TOOL | This presentation highlights the Bioforge Oxysaver, which was developed as a more affordable product for LMICs, compared to the Demand Oxygen Delivery Systems (DODS) currently available.
By: Bioforge Health Systems, Dewan Choudhury
National Medical Oxygen Grid
DATA DASHBOARD | This National Medical Oxygen Grid (NMOG) is a cellphone-based app to help hospitals and health officials keep track of where medical oxygen is needed and where supplies are plentiful.
By: One Health Trust
Electronic Medical Oxygen Dashboard System for Daily Oxygen Monitoring and Stockout Prevention in Lesotho
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Public Health Action, this study assesses the electronic dashboard for oxygen monitoring and stockout prevention implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic across 12 hospitals in Lesotho.
March 2025
By: Kristen S. Joseph, Tau S. Ntelane, Tiiso D. Lekhela, More Mungati, Matsosane Shoba, Sello Montsi, Sebaki F. Leluma, Lawrence Oyewusi, Holly Schuh, Justine Mirembe, Nicole A. Shilkofski, Megan Strachan, Nyikadzino Mahachi, Eric D. McCollum
Open Oximetry Infographic Builder
TOOL | Open Oximetry has created a simple process to help build a custom pulse oximetry infographic.
March 2025
By: Open Oximetry
Automated Oxygen Control for Preterm Infants Receiving Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: An Open-Label Randomised Crossover Trial in South-West Nigeria
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this randomized trial compared automated versus manual oxygen control for preterm infants receiving CPAP in southwest Nigeria.
February 2025
By: Rami Subhi, Lachlann McLeod, Quadri Risikat, Alao Ridwan Akanbi, Adeola Baliqis Fasasi, Ayobami A. Bakare, Oluwatosin Helen Adeniyi, Olugbenga Akinrinoye, Olanrewaju Adeigbe, George Dargaville, Patrick James Berkeley Walker, Anneke Grobler, Olufunke Mosebolatan, Shiraz Badurdeen, Timothy Gale, Adegoke G. Falade, Hamish Graham
Biomedical Engineers Are Crucial for Effective Health-Care Systems
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this paper urges WHO, governments, ministries of health, and funders to implement these 5 recommendations to strengthen the biomedical engineering profession.
February 2025
By: Mambidzeni Madzivire, Millicent Alooh, Lucio Flavio de Magalhães Brito, Tazeen Bukhari, Nitesh Kumar Jangir, Robert Neighbour, Robert Ssekitoleko, Maria Oden
Investing in Local Capacity and Grassroots Innovation to Bridge Gaps in Medical Oxygen Access and Security
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this Comment highlights grassroots interventions that show the potential of local capacity to strengthen medical oxygen security in LMICs.
February 2025
By: Millicent Alooh, Gerald Paul Douglas, Tadesse Waktola Gamessa, Phoebe Nelima Khagame, June Kazira Madete, Varun Manhas, Timothy Mayamiko Mtonga, Shri Lak Nanjan Chandran, Zerihun Ketema
Medical Oxygen: A Necessity or a Luxury in Humanitarian Settings?
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, the paper emphasizes an urgent need for more investment in health systems and research to develop sustainable and safe access to medical oxygen.
February 2025
By: Aurélie Godard, Revati Phalkey, Susan Shepherd, Sara Rossi, Mesfin Teklu Tessema, James S. Lee
Reducing Global Inequities in Medical Oxygen Access: The Lancet Global Health Commission on Medical Oxygen Security
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The Lancet Global Health Commission on medical oxygen security aimed to synthesize available evidence and produce actionable recommendations. This article highlights the results of the Commission’s work.
February 2025
By: Hamish Graham, Carina King, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Freddy Eric Kitutu, Leith Greenslade, Masooma Aqeel, Tim Baker, Lucio Flavio de Magalhães Brito, Harry Campbell, Karen Czischke, Mike English, Adegoke G. Falade, Patricia J. Garcia, Mireia Gil, Stephen Graham, Amy Gray, Stephen Howie, Niranjan Kissoon, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Ines Li Lin, Michael S. Lipnick, Dianne B. Lowe, David Lowrance, Eric D. McCollum, Tisungane Mvalo, Jacquie Oliwa, Stefan S. Peterson, Rediet Shimeles Workneh, Heather J. Zar, Shams El Arifeen, Freddie Ssengooba
Riktlinjer LTOT i hemmet: Nationellt kvalitetsregister för långtidsbehandling med oxygen (LTOT), respirator (LTMV) eller CPAP [Guidelines LTOT at home: National quality register for long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), ventilator (LTMV) or CPAP]
GUIDANCE | This website outlines treatment guidelines for use of oxygen after COVID-19, including mechanical insufflator-exsufflator (MIE), home ventilator treatment, and oxygen therapy at home.
February 2025
By: Swedevox
The Crucial Role of Industry in Increasing Access to Medical Oxygen
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | There is a precedent: over recent decades, the pharmaceutical industry has increasingly recognized its pivotal role in global health and acknowledged the importance of expanding access to medicine globally.
February 2025
By: Jayasree K. Iyer, Emma Cahuzac, Zachary Katz, Kaodili Ude, Noha El-Ghobashy, David Lowrance, Kristoffer Gandrup-Marino, Robert Matiru
The Lancet Global Health Commission on Medical Oxygen Security: India Country Case Study
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this case study outlines a national medical oxygen grid in India, which aims to ensure high-quality medical oxygen supply in routine and surge scenarios.
February 2025
By: Varun Manhas, Ramanan Laxminarayan
The Lancet Global Health Commission on Medical Oxygen Security: Uganda Case Study
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this case study focuses on the current state of medical oxygen supply chain at multiple levels of the Ugandan health system.
February 2025
By: Freddy Eric Kitutu, Angella Nabakooza Kigongo, Brenda Nakimuli, Marion Birungi, Freddie Ssengooba, Henry Zakumumpa
Automated Oxygen Delivery in Home Setting for Patients with COPD on Long Term Oxygen Therapy – A Randomized Crossover Feasibility Trial
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in medRxiv, this randomized crossover trial evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effects of continuous automated oxygen titration in the homes of patients on long-term oxygen therapy for COPD.
January 2025
By: Linette Marie Kofod, Ejvind Frausing Hansen, Morten Tange Kristensen, Barbara Cristina Brocki, Elisabeth Westerdahl
Pulse Oximetry and Oxygen Services for Children with Pneumonia Attending Primary and Secondary Level Health Facilities in Lagos, Nigeria (INSPIRING-Lagos) – A Pre-Post Implementation Study
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this study examines whether stabilization rooms equipped with pulse oximetry and oxygen alongside HCW training improved quality of care for children with pneumonia in Nigeria.
December 2024
By: Tim Colbourn, Adegoke G. Falade, Hamish Graham, Omotayo E. Olojede, Ayobami A. Bakare, James Beard, Eric D. McCollum, Agnese Iuliano, Adamu Isah, Adams Osebi, Ibrahim Seriki, Ibrahim Haruna, Tahlil Ahmed, Samy Ahmar, Paula Valentine, Temitayo Folorunso Olowookere, Obioma C. Uchendu, Rochelle Ann Burgess, Carina King
Understanding Pulse Oximetry Adoption in Primary Health Care Facilities in Nigeria: A Realist Process Evaluation of the INSPIRING-Lagos Stabilisation Room Project
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this study examines how stabilization rooms under the INSPIRING-Lagos project improved pulse oximetry practices, for whom, and in what contexts in Nigeria.
December 2024
By: Omotayo E. Olojede, Adegoke G. Falade, Ayobami A. Bakare, Eric D. McCollum, Agnese Iuliano, Adamu Isah, Adams Osebi, Samy Ahmar, Paula Valentine, Temitayo Folorunso Olowookere, Matthew MacCalla, Rochelle Ann Burgess, Tim Colbourn, Carina King, Hamish Graham
Technical Options to Increase Adoption of Piped Medical Oxygen
REPORT | This investigation examined five innovative technical options spanning facility design, material, and component sourcing, and installation that could help alleviate barriers to install piping for medical oxygen.
November 2024
By: PATH, Build Health International
Decoding Oxygen Prescriptions: Electronic Health Record Documentation versus Patient-Reported Use
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Pulmonary Medicine, this study examined the communication of oxygen management plans in the electronic health record (EHR), and their consistency with patient-reported long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) use.
October 2024
By: Wilson Tang, J. Smith, Jessica Dakkak, A. Balasubramanian, Bhavna Seth, Cory Leotta, Stephen C. Mathai, M.C. McCormack, Sudipta Acharya, Annlise Calypso, Sonye K. Danoff
Medical Device Donations: Considerations for Solicitation and Provision
GUIDANCE | This updated guidance on medical device donation includes new evidence, new references on considerations for medical device solicitation and provision, risks associated with inappropriate donations, etc.
July 2024
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Closing Gaps in the Oxygen Supply Chain in Nations with Limited Resources
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Pan African Medical Journal, this paper examines the current challenges and advancements in the oxygen supply chain within LMICs, focusing on availability, infrastructure, and usage.
June 2024
By: Fabrice Humura, Theogene Uwizeyimana, Josiane Kabayundo, Eric Rucogoza
COVID-19: Audit of USAID’s Oxygen Ecosystem Program for COVID-19 Relief
REPORT | This final report provides an overview of the audit of USAID’s Oxygen Ecosystem Program for COVID-19 Relief using American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 funding.
April 2024
By: USAID Office of the Inspector General
Liquid Medical Oxygen Can Level the Playing Field
ARTICLE | The Zambian Ministry of Health worked with CHAI to install a new liquid oxygen tank at the Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital.
March 2024
By: Unitaid
Performing for What Matters: Sustainability Report 2023
REPORT | This report highlights AirLiquide’s challenges, successes, and progress in 2023.
March 2024
By: AirLiquide
Automated Oxygen Delivery for Preterm Infants with Respiratory Dysfunction
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, this review found that automated oxygen delivery systems likely increase time spent within the target SpO2 range compared to manual oxygen control.
November 2023
By: Isabella Stafford, Nai Ming Lai, Kenneth Tan
Market Intelligence for Sustaining Oxygen Generation Plant Investments
INFORMATION BRIEF | Between 2021 and 2023, PATH undertook a series of analyses to better characterize the oxygen generation plant market and its ownership costs.
October 2023
By: PATH
Assessing the Acceptability of Technological Health Innovations in sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review and a Best Fit Framework Synthesis
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this review explored the acceptability of health technology innovations in sub-Saharan Africa, revealing a lack of consistent frameworks.
August 2023
By: Sarah Louart, Gildas Boris Hedible, Valéry Ridde
Oxygen Needs to be Met in Chad: Resilience, Lessons Learned, Challenges, and Perspectives
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health, this paper shares the experience of Chad in its efforts to improve the availability of oxygen for the management of respiratory...
August 2023
By: Edison Maombi, Jean-Bosco Ndihokubwayo
Role of Oxygenation Devices in Alleviating the Oxygen Crisis in India
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS Global Public Health, this study aims to assess the value of improved access and use of oxygen concentrators and cylinders during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.
August 2023
By: Deepshikha Batheja, Vinith Kurian, Sharon Buteau, Ajay Nair
Usability of Pulse Oximeters Used by Community Health and Primary Care Workers as Screening Tools for Severe Illness in Children under Five in Low Resource Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Cambodia, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Uganda
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS Global Public Health, this study explores the usability of pulse oximeters for community health and primary care workers in Cambodia, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Uganda.
July 2023
By: Theresa Pfurtscheller, Kevin Baker, Tedila Habte, Lena Matata, Akasiima Mucunguzi, Jill Nicholson, Anthony Nuwa, Max Petzold, Anteneh Sebsibe, Tobias Alfvén, Karin Källander
Regeneration of Zeolite for Medical Oxygen Generation in LMIC-Settings
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet, this study investigated the feasibility of regenerating old zeolite for use in oxygen concentrators.
June 2023
By: Gerald Paul Douglas, Chimwemwe Tiyesi, Effa Newo Solomon, Mwabi Lungu
What are Gas Companies Doing to Scale up Access to Liquid Medical Oxygen?
REPORT | This report tracks six global gas companies’ initiatives to increase access and provides insights into what they can do to supply LOX during emergencies and for day-to-day needs of LMICs.
April 2023
By: Access to Medicines Foundation
Biomedical Engineers Peer-Led Mentorship Program Increases Workforce Capacity and Access to Oxygen in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
ARTICLE | To address recruitment challenges in Nigeria and improve medical oxygen supplies, CHAI collaborated with the Biomedical Engineering Training Institute to conduct a national TOT for biomedical engineers.
March 2023
By: Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI)
Announcing the Lancet Global Health Commission on Medical Oxygen Security
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this article introduces The Lancet Global Health Commission on Medical Oxygen Security, which seeks to close critical gaps in oxygen access, especially in LMICs.
November 2022
By: Freddy Eric Kitutu, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Hamish Graham, Carina King, Shams El Arifeen, Freddie Ssengooba, Leith Greenslade, Zoë Mullan
Analysis of the Renewed European Medical Device Regulations in the Frame of the Non – EU Regulatory Landscape during the COVID Facilitated Change
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, this review evaluates the updated European Medical Device Regulations and their global impact, emphasizing stricter compliance requirements post-COVID-19.
October 2022
By: S.P. Yamini Kanti, Ildikó Csóka, Lívia Adalbert, Orsolya Jójárt-Laczkovich
An On-Demand Oxygen Flow Meter for Enhanced Patient Comfort and Reduced Oxygen Cost in Hospitals
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in COPD, this observational study assessed whether a new hybrid flow meter reduces oxygen expenditure, is well accepted in a hospital setting, and improves patient comfort during oxygen therapy.
June 2022
By: Eric Derom, Eduard J. Meijer, Joris W.T. van Enschot
Implementation of Solar Powered Oxygen Delivery in a Conflict Zone: Preliminary Findings from Somalia on Feasibility and Usefulness
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Medicine, Conflict and Survival, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of solar powered oxygen at Hanano General Hospital in Dusamareb, Galmudug State, Somalia, in a conflict-affected region.
June 2022
By: Qaasim Mian, Sk Md Mamunur Rahman Malik, Mohamed Adam Alinor, Md Shajib Hossain, Jitendar Kumar Sharma, Osman Moallim Hassan, Abdiwali Mohamed Ahmed, Abdiweli Abdullahi Jama, Andrew J. Okello, Sophie Namasopo, Robert Opika Opoka, Nicholas Conradi, Abdullah Saleh, Andrea L. Conroy
Medical Oxygen: A Lifesaving Drug During the COVID-19 Pandemic— Source and Distribution
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Indian Journal of Pediatrics, this review focuses on sources of medical oxygen like cryogenic oxygen plants, pressure swing adsorption, oxygen concentrators, and oxygen cylinders.
June 2022
By: Javed Ismail, Arun Bansal
Solar Power is Inspiring Collective Actions to Strengthen Somalia’s Health System for UHC
ARTICLE | In January 2021, Somalia’s Ministry of Health, supported by the WHO Innovation Hub and the WHO Country Office, piloted a solar-powered oxygen delivery system.
May 2022
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Skin Pigmentation Influence on Pulse Oximetry Accuracy: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), this review aims to study the literature that assesses the influence of skin pigmentation on the accuracy of pulse oximeters.
April 2022
By: Ana M. Cabanas, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Katina Latorre, Pilar Martín-Escudero
Success and Time Implications of SpO2 Measurement through Pulse Oximetry among Hospitalised Children in Rural Bangladesh: Variability by Various Device-, Provider- and Patient-Related Factors
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Global Health, this study assessed pulse oximetry performance of different types of assessors in inpatient settings after an update to the existing IMCI package in Bangladesh.
April 2022
By: Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Shafiqul Ameen, Sabrina Jabeen, Tamanna Majid, Azim Uddin Afm, Tania Sultana Tanwi, Goutom Banik, Md Ziaul Haque Shaikh, Md Jahurul Islam, Sabina Ashrafee, Husam Muhammad Shah Alam, Ashfia Saberin, Ehtesham Kabir Anm, Sabbir Ahmed, Mahbuba Khan, Anisuddin Ahmed, Qazi Rahman, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Steve Cunningham, Muhammad Shariful Islam, David H. Dockrell, Harish Nair, Shams El Arifeen, Harry Campbell
Medical Equipment Donation: An End in Itself or a Mean to an End?
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, this article highlights the problems with donated medical equipment.
March 2022
By: Mounika Reddy, Madhusudan Samprathi, Vikas Bhatia
Characterization of Prescription Patterns and Estimated Costs for Use of Oxygen Concentrators for Home Oxygen Therapy in the U.S.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in JAMA Network Open, this study assesses the financial burden of using oxygen concentrators for home oxygen therapy, emphasizing significant variations in electricity costs across U.S. states.
October 2021
By: Peter Kahn, Christopher Worsham, Gretchen Berland
Oxygen Delivery Systems for Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Global Health, this scoping review assesses oxygen delivery systems for adults in Sub-Saharan Africa, identifying challenges and recommending solutions for improving health systems.
May 2021
By: Neelima Navuluri, Maria Srour, Peter S. Kussin, David M. Murdoch, Neil R. MacIntyre, Loretta G. Que, Nathan M. Thielman, Eric D. McCollum
Oxygen Saves Lives in Somalia on the Path to UHC
ARTICLE | This article highlights a country case study from Somalia from the 2021 progress report on the implementation of the Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-being for All (GAP).
May 2021
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Pulse-dose Oxygen Conservation System for the COVID-19 India Crisis
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | To maximize oxygen delivery, a device has been developed to detect patient inhalation and deliver oxygen during only the inspiratory phase, which can allow cylinders to last 2-3x longer.
May 2021
By: Stanford University
Usability and Acceptability of a Multimodal Respiratory Rate and Pulse Oximeter Device in Case Management of Children with Symptoms of Pneumonia: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Ethiopia
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Acta Paediatrica, this study identifies whether Ethiopia’s health extension workers adhere to required guidelines while assessing children under 5 with cough or difficulty breathing.
May 2021
By: Kevin Baker, Charlotte Ward, Alice Maurel, Helen Smith, Dawit Getachew, Tedila Habte, Cindy McWhorter, Paul LaBarre, Jonas Karlstrom, Agazi Ameha, Abraham Tariku, Quique Bassat, Karin Källander
LCA and Economic Study on the Local Oxygen Supply in Central Europe During the COVID-19 Pandemic
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Science of The Total Environment, this study evaluates the environmental and economic impacts of three medical oxygen supply systems used in Polish hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
April 2021
By: Mieczysław Bałys, Ewelina Brodawka, Anna Korzeniewska, Katarzyna Zarębska
NEST360 Clinical Scenario: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
TOOL | This tool from NEST360 provides a clinical scenario for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
March 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Clinical Scenario: Oxygen Concentrator and Flow Splitter
TOOL | This tool from NEST360 provides a clinical scenario for oxygen concentrator and flow splitter.
March 2021
By: NEST360
NEST360 Clinical Scenario: Suction Pump
TOOL | This tool from NEST360 provides a clinical scenario for suction pumps.
March 2021
By: NEST360
Medical Oxygen Supply During COVID-19: A Study with Specific Reference to State of Andhra Pradesh, India
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, this study reviews global efforts to ensure an adequate medical oxygen supply during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting challenges and innovations.
January 2021
By: Srinivas Bikkina, Vijaya Kittu Manda, U.V. Adinarayana Rao
Rural Healthcare Workers’ Views on the Introduction of Solar Power and Oxygen Concentrators in Health Facilities in Papua New Guinea: A Qualitative Study
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Tropical Doctor, this study explored the views of rural health workers in Papua New Guinea on the impact of a program to improve their oxygen delivery systems.
January 2021
By: Francis Pulsan, Trevor Duke, John D. Vince
The Impact of IoT in Healthcare: Global Technological Change & The Roadmap to a Networked Architecture in India
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, this article provides an overview of the emergence of healthcare information technology globally and recommends policy intervention for the Indian context.
November 2020
By: Satya Prakash Dash
Ventilator Training Alliance
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | The Ventilator Training Alliance provides a library of training and product resources for medical professionals.
September 2020
By: Ventilator Training Alliance
Ventilators Are Not the Answer in Africa
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine, this article highlights different technologies used in Africa to combat COVID-19 oxygen shortages and how to leverage them long-term.
July 2020
By: Farai D. Madzimbamuto
Using Pulse Oximetry for Decision Support for COVID-19
TOOL | This flowchart lays out use of pulse oximetry in the decision-making process for COVID-19 treatment with oxygen therapy.
April 2020
By: LifeBox, World Health Organization (WHO)
Efficacy of High-Flow Nasal Cannula vs Standard Oxygen Therapy or Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Children with Respiratory Distress: A Meta-Analysis
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Pediatrics, this review found that HFNC reduced treatment failure in children with mild hypoxemia, but nCPAP was more effective for infants with severe hypoxemia.
December 2019
By: Jian Luo, Trevor Duke, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Valerie Kalinowski, Jie Li
Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Children with High-Risk Conditions and Severe Pneumonia in Malawi: An Open Label, Randomised, Controlled Trial
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, this study found that bCPAP did not improve survival rates in high-risk children with severe pneumonia in Malawi compared to low-flow oxygen.
November 2019
By: Eric D. McCollum, Tisungane Mvalo, Michelle Eckerle, Andrew G. Smith, Davie Kondowe, Don Makonokaya, Dhananjay Vaidya, Veena Billioux, Alfred Chalira, Norman Lufesi, Innocent Mofolo, Mina Hosseinipour
Social Start-up Africa: Pneumonia e-jacket
TOOL | Brian Turyabagye is a Ugandan engineer and a co-inventor of a ‘biomedical smart jacket’ which detects pneumonia faster than a doctor.
October 2019
By: CGTN Africa
Assessment of a Storage System to Deliver Uninterrupted Therapeutic Oxygen during Power Outages in Resource-Limited Settings
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study tested a low-pressure oxygen storage system to ensure continuous oxygen delivery during power outages in Uganda.
February 2019
By: Ryan Calderon, Mark Kuiper, Harriet Nambuya, Nicholas Wangwe, Akos Somoskovi, Daniel Lieberman
Perspectives from COPD Subjects on Portable Long-Term Oxygen Therapy Devices
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Respiratory Care, the aim of this study was to understand perceived limitations that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience in using long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) devices.
November 2018
By: Hejab J. AlMutairi, Constance C. Mussa, Clement T.M. Lambert, David L. Vines, Shawna L. Strickland
Evaluation of Safety and Cost of an Open-Design Oxygen Mask in a Large Community Hospital
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Respiratory Care, this retrospective study looked at the implementation of an open-design oxygen mask 12 months before and 12 months after implementation.
April 2018
By: Patricia A. DeJuilio, Maya B. Jenkins, Jeffrey P. Huml
Improving Oxygen Therapy for Children and Neonates in Secondary Hospitals in Nigeria: Study Protocol for a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomised Trial
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Trials, this study protocol outlines a trial designed to improve oxygen therapy for children and neonates in Nigerian hospitals through better equipment and healthcare training.
October 2017
By: Hamish Graham, Ayobami A. Bakare, David Peel, Amy Gray, Barbara McPake, Eleanor Neal, Shamim Ahmad Qazi, Rasa Izadnegahdar, Trevor Duke
Summary: Proposal for Inclusion of Oxygen as a Medical Gas on the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines
INFORMATION BRIEF | This summary document highlights PATH’s proposed inclusion of oxygen as a medical gas on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (for Children) to clarify its importance as a medicine.
December 2016
By: PATH
Improving Paediatric and Neonatal Care in Rural District Hospitals in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea: A Quality Improvement Approach
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Paediatrics International Child Health, this article examines a quality improvement project in rural Papua New Guinea hospitals to enhance pediatric and neonatal care, including oxygen therapy.
May 2014
By: Martin Saavu, Trevor Duke, Sens Matai
Efficacy of a Low-Cost Bubble CPAP System in Treatment of Respiratory Distress in a Neonatal Ward in Malawi
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, the use of a low-cost bCPAP system in Malawi showed a significant improvement in survival rates for neonates with respiratory distress compared to standard care.
January 2014
By: Kondwani Kawaza, Heather Machen, Jocelyn Brown, Zondiwe Mwanza, Suzanne Iniguez, Alfred Gest, E. O’Brian Smith, Maria Oden, Rebecca R. Richards-Kortum, Elizabeth Molyneux
Use of a Portable Oxygen Concentrator and Its Effect on the Overall Functionality of a Remote Field Medical Unit at 3650m Elevation
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study was conducted to ascertain the economy achieved by employing a small portable oxygen concentrator for oxygen therapy to improve functionality of a surgical unit in remote environments.
March 2013
By: Rehan Masroor, Amjad Iqbal, Khalid Buland
Oxygen Supplies in Disaster Management
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Respiratory Care, this article emphasizes that contracted vendors can deliver oxygen to alternate care facilities in disaster areas, in the form of concentrators, gas cylinders, or liquid oxygen.
January 2013
By: Thomas C. Blakeman, Richard D. Branson
Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Using an Ontario Policy Model
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series, this study found that COPD smoking cessation programs were cost-effective, while multidisciplinary care and pulmonary rehabilitation were also beneficial but costly.
December 2012
By: Kiran Chandra, Gordon Blackhouse, Bronwen R. McCurdy, M. Bornstein, Kaitryn Campbell, V. Costa, Jacob Franek, Kellee Kaulback, Lisa A. Levin, S. Sehatzadeh, Nancy Sikich, Marroon Thabane, Ron Goeree
Temperature and Humidity Trends in a Health Centre in the Gambia: Implications for Back up Battery-Life in Tropical Settings
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Daily temperature and humidity data were collected at a health center in The Gambia, where a battery system has been installed as back-up power for a medical oxygen system.
September 2012
By: Beverly Bradley, J.D. Light, B. Singhateh, David Peel, Yu-Ling Cheng, Stephen Howie
The Functioning of Oxygen Concentrators in Resource-Limited Settings: A Situation Assessment in Two Countries
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, the study describes oxygen concentrator functioning in Malawi and Mongolia as a primary source of oxygen treatment for children.
May 2011
By: Sophie La Vincente, David Peel, Susanne Carai, Martin Weber, Penny Enarson, Ellubey Maganga, Gochoo Soyolgerel, Trevor Duke
The Impact of Increasing Oximetry Usage in India: A Pilot Study
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, this paper reports on pilot work undertaken in four hospitals in one Indian State to increase patient safety during anesthesia and surgery.
May 2011
By: Gretl A. McHugh, Brian J. Pollard, Sarla Hooda, Gavin M. Thoms
Meeting Oxygen Needs in Africa: An Options Analysis from the Gambia
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, this study compares oxygen supply options for health facilities in The Gambia and presents a decision-making algorithm for oxygen systems.
October 2009
By: Stephen Howie, Sarah Hill, Augustine Ebonyi, Gautam Krishnan, Ousman Njie, Momodou Sanneh, Mariatou Jallow, Warren Stevens, Kevin Taylor, Martin Weber, Pamela Collier Njai, Mary Tapgun, Tumani Corrah, Kim Mulholland, David Peel, Malick Njie, Philip Hill, Richard A. Adegbola
The Cost of Breathing: An Economic Analysis of the Patient Cost of Home Oxygen Therapy
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care, this study presents a brief analysis of the cost of operating an oxygen concentrator from the perspective of the patient.
October 2004
By: Gary M. Reisfield, George R. Wilson
The Oxygen Concentrator: An Appropriate Technology for Treating Hypoxaemic Children in Developing Countries
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the International Journal for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, this study explored the use of oxygen concentrators compared to cylinders to treat children in a hospital in Ndioum, Senegal.
September 2004
By: Antoine Perrelet, Jean-Pierre Zellweger, Ibrahima Talla, Youssou Ndiaye, Emanuel Gautier, Mario Gehri
Use of an Oxygen Concentrator in a Nigerian Neonatal Unit: Economic Implications and Reliability
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Annals of Tropical Pediatrics, this study explored the 3-year experience of using an oxygen concentrator in a Nigerian newborn unit and economic appraisal of its effectiveness.
September 2002
By: Olugbenga A. Mokuolu, Oluade A. Ajayi
The Oxygen Concentrator is a Reasonable Alternative to Oxygen Cylinders in Nepal
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, this study aims to review the efficacy and reliability of oxygen concentrators used over the last six years in Nepal.
January 2002
By: Bisharad M. Shrestha, Birendra B. Singh, Madhav P. Gautam
Oxygen Supply in Rural Africa: A Personal Experience
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, this paper compares the costs incurred using oxygen cylinders with a solar operated oxygen concentrator in a rural Gambian setting.
June 2001
By: Gisela Schneider
Domiciliary Liquid Oxygen versus Concentrator Treatment in Chronic Hypoxaemia: A Cost-Utility Analysis
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in European Respiratory Journal, this trial shows that while liquid oxygen therapy is more costly than concentrator treatment, it provides substantial improvements in quality of life for chronic patients.
December 1998
By: Asa C. Andersson, Kerstin Ström, Håkan Brodin, M. Alton, Gunnar Boman, Per Jakobsson, A. Lindberg, Monica Uddenfeldt, Hallstein Walter, Lisa A. Levin
Anesthesia in Barbados
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, this study highlights the resource challenges in delivering anesthesia at Barbados’ Queen Elizabeth Hospital.
May 1997
By: Bhavani Shankar Kodali, Harley S.L. Moseley, Phillip Mushlin, R.A. Hallsworth, Michael Fakoory, Errol R. Walrond
Trends in the Supply of Oxygen in Hospital – Oxygen Concentrators
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The oxygen supply in West Africa has been irregular for decades. Korle Bu Hospital, Accra, Ghana has been producing its own oxygen within the hospital since 1986.
December 1992
By: Kwame Antwi Oduro
Health Technology Assessment Methodologies for Developing Countries
TOOL | Published by the Pan American Health Organization, this document discusses the role of health technology assessment in improving healthcare efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness in developing countries.
January 1989
By: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)