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Resources
This library provides a comprehensive set of global and country-specific tools, guidance, and other resources to support oxygen scale-up and long-term respiratory care planning.
IHME Global Burden of Disease (GBD)
DATA DASHBOARD | The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) is a tool that provides a comprehensive picture of mortality and disability across countries, time, age, and sex, including those requiring respiratory care.
By: University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health and Aging Data Portal
DATA DASHBOARD | This data portal provides the most up-to-date global health data organized in the areas of maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health and ageing.
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
WHO Global Clinical Platform for COVID-19
DATA DASHBOARD | WHO invites stakeholders to contribute anonymized clinical COVID-19 data to the Global COVID-19 Clinical Data Platform—which will be used to inform the WHO COVID-19 clinical guidance.
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
WHO Indicator: National Policy on Management of Pneumonia among Children
DATA DASHBOARD | This indicator demonstrates the countries that have a national policy on the management of pneumonia among children.
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Oxygen Administration in Infants
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This article in the Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition lays out the main methods of oxygen administration to infants.
July 2002
By: Bernard Frey, Frank Shann
Hypoxemia Among Children in Rural Hospitals in Papua New Guinea: Epidemiology and Resource Availability-A Study to Support a National Oxygen Programme
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study in the Annals of Tropical Pediatrics examined the incidence of hypoxemia, its geographical distribution, epidemiological determinants, and resource availability in several regions of the country.
December 2006
By: Francis Wandi, David Peel, Trevor Duke
Childhood Pneumonia and Oxygen Treatment
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | In this article in The Lancet, Trevor Duke and colleagues report that the implementation of oxygen therapy and monitoring systems can be a feasible cost-effective step forward, and can save...
August 2008
By: André M. Cantin
Improved Oxygen Systems for Childhood Pneumonia: A Multihospital Effectiveness Study in Papua New Guinea
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study in The Lancet examines the effect of an improved oxygen system on death rate in children with pneumonia in Papua New Guinea.
November 2008
By: Trevor Duke, Francis Wandi, Merilyn Jonathan, Sens Matai, Magdalene Kaupa, Martin Saavu, Rami Subhi, David Peel
WHO Recommendations on the Management of Diarrhea and Pneumonia in HIV-infected Infants and Children
GUIDANCE | These guidelines are part of a comprehensive set of normative documents for the prevention and treatment of common conditions affecting HIV-infected and -exposed infants and children.
September 2010
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children: Guidelines for the Management of Common Childhood Illnesses
GUIDANCE | This pocket book for hospital care for children is one of a series of documents and tools that support the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI).
January 2013
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Ending Preventable Child Deaths from Pneumonia and Diarrhea by 2025: Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhea
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | The integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhea (GAPPD) proposes a cohesive approach to ending preventable pneumonia and diarrhea deaths.
June 2013
By: World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF
Oxygen Concentrators: A Practical Guide for Clinicians and Technicians in Developing Countries
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This paper in the Annals of Tropical Pediatrics is a practical and up-to-date guide for all involved in purchasing, using, and maintaining oxygen concentrators in developing countries.
July 2013
By: Trevor Duke, David Peel, Stephen Graham, Stephen Howie, Penny Enarson, Robert Jacobson
Pulse Oximetry: Technology to Reduce Child Mortality in Developing Countries
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This article in the Annals of Tropical Pediatrics reviews pulse oximetry, its technical basis, and its application to the medical management of childhood illness to reduce mortality in developing countries.
July 2013
By: Trevor Duke, Rami Subhi, David Peel, Bernard Frey
Prevalence and Predictors of Hypoxemia in Respiratory and Non-respiratory Primary Diagnoses Among Emergently Ill Children at a Tertiary Hospital in South Western Nigeria
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study investigated prevalence and predictors of hypoxemia in ALRI and non-ALRI according to age and primary diagnoses in emergently ill children in south western Nigeria.
September 2013
By: Adebola E. Orimadegun, Babatunde O. Ogunbosi, Shannon S. Carson
CPAP: A Guide for Clinicians in Developing Countries
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pediatrics and International Child Health, this paper describes two methods which may be appropriate in low-resource settings: (1) bubble-CPAP using oxygen concentrators and (2) HFNC oxygen therapy.
December 2013
By: Trevor Duke
Revised WHO Classification and Treatment of Childhood Pneumonia at Health Facilities
GUIDANCE | The purpose of this document is to provide a summary of WHO-approved pneumonia control recommendations and to assist national child health programs in revising their guidelines to conform to them.
June 2014
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Design for Reliability: Ideal Product Requirement Specifications for Oxygen Concentrators for Children With Hypoxemia in Low-resource Settings
GUIDANCE | This document provides guidance to developers and manufacturers on the key performance requirements and potential design for a reliable, robust, and scalable oxygen concentrator.
May 2015
By: PATH
Signs of Pneumonia: Chest Indrawing
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | Chest indrawing is a sign of severe pneumonia. It means the child need to be treated immediately. This video highlights the key signs of chest indrawing in children.
June 2015
By: McCann Global Health
Signs of Pneumonia: Fast Breathing and Counting Breaths
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | Children with pneumonia breathe faster than normal, so counting breaths is a quick way to help diagnose pneumonia. This video highlights the steps to properly count breaths and when to...
June 2015
By: McCann Global Health
Hypoxemia as a Mortality Risk Factor in Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This systematic review and meta-analysis in PLOS One examines observational studies to evaluate the association between hypoxemia and mortality from acute lower respiratory infections in children in LMICs.
September 2015
By: Marzia Lazzerini, Michela Sonego, Maria Chiara Pellegrin
Evaluating the Impact of Pulse Oximetry on Childhood Pneumonia Mortality in Resource-poor Settings
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study in the journal Nature uses a deterministic compartmental model to assess the impact of introducing pulse oximetry as a prognostic tool to distinguish severe from non-severe pneumonia in...
December 2015
By: Jessica Floyd, Lindsey Wu, Deborah Hay Burgess, Rasa Izadnegahdar, David Mukanga, Azra C. Ghani
Recognizing Respiratory Distress
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | This video informs viewers on how to identify clinical signs and symptoms of respiratory distress in a pediatric patient.
February 2016
By: Boston Children Hospital, World Federation of Pediatric Intensive, Critical Care Societies, Monica Kleinman
Interagency List of Priority Medical Devices for Essential Interventions for Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health
TOOL | This list highlights the medical devices required to provide the essential reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health interventions defined by existing WHO guidelines and publications.
June 2016
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Oxygen Therapy for Children: A Manual for Health Workers
GUIDANCE | This manual focuses on the availability and clinical use of oxygen therapy in children in health facilities by providing the practical aspects for health workers, biomedical engineers, and administrators.
October 2016
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Updated Guideline: Pediatric Emergency Triage, Assessment, and Treatment: Care of Critically-ill Children
GUIDANCE | WHO’s pediatric emergency triage, assessment and treatment guidelines aim to identify children presenting with airway obstruction and other breathing problems.
October 2016
By: World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, UNFPA
One is too Many: Ending Child Deaths from Pneumonia and Diarrhea
REPORT | This report highlights current pneumonia and diarrhea related mortality, and illustrates the startling divide between the children being reached and the considerable number of those left behind.
November 2016
By: UNICEF
WHO Recommendations on Child Health
GUIDANCE | This publication outlines WHO recommendations on child health in one easy-to-access document for WHO staff, policymakers, program managers, and health professionals.
May 2017
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Fighting for Breath: A Call to Action on Childhood Pneumonia
REPORT | This report focuses on what is now the single biggest cause of child deaths through infectious disease – pneumonia.
June 2017
By: Save the Children
Outpatient Management of Children With World Health Organization Chest Indrawing Pneumonia: Implementation Risks and Proposed Solutions
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | In Clinical Infectious Diseases, this article recommends the WHO IMCI guidelines to consider additional referral or daily monitoring criteria for children with chest indrawing pneumonia in low-resource settings.
June 2017
By: Eric D. McCollum, Amy Sarah Ginsburg
Pneumonia Market Landscape Analysis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Improving Access to High-Quality Pneumonia Products and Services for Children Under the Age of Five
REPORT | To understand the barriers to reducing pneumonia burden, PATH collected and analyzed secondary data and conducted a landscape of key pneumonia stakeholders in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
April 2018
By: PATH
Recommendations for Improving Pneumonia and Hypoxemia Indicators
TOOL | Key stakeholders convened to generate a list of recommended additions to main data sources to include pneumonia and hypoxemia indicators.
August 2018
By: Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Nigeria’s National Integrated Pneumonia Control Strategy and Implementation Plan
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | The Federal Government of Nigeria has developed the first-ever national pneumonia control strategy and implementation plan to elevate pneumonia within the integrated newborn and child health agenda.
August 2019
By: Nigeria National Ministry of Health
Exploratory Meeting to Review New Evidence for Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) Danger Signs
REPORT | In order to identify questions for future research for IMCI, pneumonia research experts, epidemiologists, and child health specialists from a range of countries participated in a convening in September 2018.
October 2019
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Increasing Access to Safe Oxygen and Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Devices
INFORMATION BRIEF | This factsheet highlights PATH’s Increasing Access to Safe Oxygen and Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (MNCH) Devices project, which aims to build capacity in support of oxygen scale up at...
October 2019
By: PATH
Fighting for Breath Call to Action: End Childhood Pneumonia Deaths
REPORT | Additional attention and investment needs to be given to pneumonia to reverse trends in global health and childhood deaths.
November 2019
By: Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition, Save the Children, UNICEF
Hypoxemia in Hospitalized Children and Neonates: A Prospective Cohort Study in Nigerian Secondary-level Hospitals
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study in eClinical Medicine evaluates the epidemiology of hypoxemia and oxygen use in hospitalized neonates and children in Nigeria.
November 2019
By: Hamish Graham, Ayobami A. Bakare, Adejumoke I. Ayede, Oladapo B. Oyewole, Amy Gray, David Peel, Barbara McPake, Eleanor Neal, Shamim Ahmad Qazi, Rasa Izadnegahdar, Trevor Duke, Adegoke G. Falade
Oxygen Systems to Improve Clinical Care and Outcomes for Children and Neonates: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Trial in Nigeria
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This paper from PLOS Medicine reports the effects of an improved oxygen system on mortality and clinical practices in 12 general, pediatric, and maternity hospitals in southwest Nigeria.
November 2019
By: Hamish Graham, Ayobami A. Bakare, Adejumoke I. Ayede, Amy Gray, Barbara McPake, David Peel, Olatayo Olatinwo, Oladapo B. Oyewole, Eleanor Neal, Cattram D. Nguyen, Shamim Ahmad Qazi, Rasa Izadnegahdar, John B. Carlin, Adegoke G. Falade, Trevor Duke
Every Child’s Right to Survive: A 2020 Agenda to End Pneumonia Deaths
REPORT | This brief report presents the causes of pneumonia, the ways to prevent and treat it, and the resources needed to end pneumonia-related deaths.
January 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Guidelines on the Management of Pediatric Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic
GUIDANCE | This guidance seeks to advise health workers in the pediatric arena during the COVID-19 outbreak in Kenya.
March 2020
By: Kenya Ministry of Health, Kenya Pediatric Association, Keprecon I Save the Children
Revised Guidelines on Clinical Management of COVID-19
GUIDANCE | This document is intended for clinicians taking care of hospitalized adult and pediatric patients of COVID-19 in India.
March 2020
By: India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
WHO Video on Giving Oxygen to Children
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | The World Health Organization developed a series of videos in the 1990s on how to give oxygen to children in low- and middle-income countries.
March 2020
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Consensus Guidelines for Managing the Airway in Children with COVID-19
GUIDANCE | This consensus statement provides clarity on airway management for COVID-19 patients and where that guidance differs for pediatric patients.
April 2020
By: Association of Anesthetists, Difficult Airway Society, Association of Pediatric Anesthetists
Fighting for Breath in Afghanistan: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Afghanistan, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in Bangladesh: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Bangladesh, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in Chad: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Chad, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in DRC, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in Ethiopia: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Ethiopia, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in India: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in India, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in Indonesia: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Indonesia, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in Kenya: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Kenya, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in Mali: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Mali, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in Niger: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Niger, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in Nigeria: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Nigeria, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in Pakistan: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Pakistan, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in Somalia: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Somalia, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Fighting for Breath in South Sudan: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in South Sudan, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
June 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Maintaining Essential Health Services during the COVID-19 Outbreak
GUIDANCE | This page provides different resources to maintain preventive and curative services while also meeting the demand for care of COVID-19 patients.
June 2020
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Pulse Oximeter with Integrated Management of Childhood Illness for Diagnosis of Severe Childhood Pneumonia at Rural Health Institutions in Southern Ethiopia: Results from a Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ, this study assessed whether pulse oximetry improves health workers’ performance in diagnosing severe childhood pneumonia at health centers in Southern Ethiopia.
June 2020
By: Solomon H Tesfaye, Yabibal Gebeyehu, Eskindir Loha, Kjell Arne Johansson, Bernt Lindtjørn
Ending Preventable Newborn Deaths and Stillbirths by 2030
REPORT | The Every Newborn Action Plans provides a roadmap to end preventable newborn mortality, reduce disability, and end preventable stillbirths by 2030.
July 2020
By: UNICEF
Fighting for Breath in Angola: A Call to Action to Stop Children Dying from Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief provides an overview of childhood pneumonia in Angola, the health and system factors that contribute to that situation, and key calls to action to appropriately address it.
July 2020
By: UNICEF, Save the Children, Every Breath Counts (EBC) coalition
Trends in International Development Assistance to Combat Pneumonia
INFORMATION BRIEF | This factsheet provides an overview of international development assistance related to pneumonia, including projects focused on prevention and treatment.
September 2020
By: Development Initiatives
Predictive Value of Pulse Oximetry for Mortality in Infants and Children Presenting to Primary Care with Clinical Pneumonia in Rural Malawi: A Data Linkage Study
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLOS Med, this study determined mortality outcomes of infants and children diagnosed and referred using clinical guidelines with or without pulse oximetry in Malawi.
October 2020
By: Tim Colbourn, Carina King, James Beard, Tambosi Phiri, Malizani Mdala, Beatiwel Zadutsa, Charles Makwenda, Anthony Costello, Norman Lufesi, Charles Mwansambo, Bejoy Nambiar, Shubhada Hooli, Neil French, Naor Bar Zeev, Shamim Ahmad Qazi, Eric D. McCollum
Leveraging the COVID-19 Response to End Preventable Child Deaths from Pneumonia
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | At the inaugural Global Forum on Childhood Pneumonia, stakeholders from over 55 countries endorsed a declaration committing to six strategic actions to accelerate progress in reducing child pneumonia deaths.
November 2020
By: Henrietta H. Fore, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Kevin Watkins, Leith Greenslade, Seth Berkley, Quique Bassat, Philippe Duneton, Keith Klugman, Alma Golden
Social Awareness and Actions to Neutralize Pneumonia Successfully (SAANS)
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | This website provides a set of resources on pneumonia in India, including childhood pneumonia management guidelines; a campaign guidance note; and other related communication materials.
February 2021
By: India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Improving Access to Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Medical Products in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Considerations for Effective Registration Systems
REPORT | This report presents findings of the registration status of tracer MNCH medicines and the functionality of regulatory agencies with respect to legal provisions, organization and resources, and registration processes.
March 2021
By: Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) program
Oxygen Saves Lives in Somalia on the Path to UHC
ARTICLE | This article highlights a country case study from Somalia from the 2021 progress report on the implementation of the Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-being for All (GAP).
May 2021
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Respiratory Care Order Set (Protocol) Templates
TOOL | These respiratory care order set templates cover the key principles for respiratory care for both adult and pediatric patients.
May 2021
By: Open Critical Care, Sustaining Technical and Analytical Resources (STAR) project, University of California, San Francisco
Pediatric Oxygen Therapy Escalation Algorithm
TOOL | This document, which features an algorithm to assess pediatric oxygen therapy escalation, is part of a set that provides tools that can be locally modified to help health providers learning...
June 2021
By: Open Critical Care, Sustaining Technical and Analytical Resources (STAR) project, University of California, San Francisco
UNICEF Annual Report 2020: Responding to COVID-19
REPORT | UNICEF’s 2020 Annual Report underscores how 2020 was a year like no other. School closures, increased vulnerability to abuse, mental health strains and loss of access to vital services have...
June 2021
By: UNICEF
Oxygen Systems and Quality of Care for Children with Pneumonia, Malaria, and Diarrhea: Analysis of a Stepped-wedge Trial in Nigeria
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLOS One, this study evaluates the effect of improved hospital oxygen systems on quality of care for children with severe pneumonia, severe malaria, and diarrhea with severe dehydration.
July 2021
By: Hamish Graham, Jaclyn Maher, Ayobami A. Bakare, Cattram D. Nguyen, Adejumoke I. Ayede, Oladapo B. Oyewole, Amy Gray, Rasa Izadnegahdar, Trevor Duke, Adegoke G. Falade
Hypoxemia Prevalence and its Adverse Clinical Outcomes Among Children Hospitalized with WHO-defined Severe Pneumonia in Bangladesh
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study in the Journal of Global Health included a secondary analysis of data obtained from icddr,b-Dhaka Hospital looking at hypoxemia and adverse clinical outcomes from severe pneumonia in children.
September 2021
By: Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Aniqa Tasnim Hossain, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, David H. Dockrell, Harish Nair, Shams El Arifeen, Harry Campbell
Improving Newborn and Pediatric Quality of Care by Strengthening Access to Safe Use of Oxygen, Pulse Oximetry, and Infection Prevention and Control Measures
INFORMATION BRIEF | These case studies demonstrate how UNICEF Bangladesh, Liberia, Kenya, and Nepal supported governments to ensure COVID-19 investments led to improved oxygen access for newborns and children.
September 2021
By: UNICEF
Pulse Oximetry Adoption and Oxygen Orders at Pediatric Admission over 7 Years in Kenya: A Multihospital Retrospective Cohort Study
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ, this study characterizes the adoption and explores specific clinical and patient factors that might influence pulse oximetry and oxygen use in LMICs over time.
September 2021
By: Timothy Tuti, Jalemba Aluvaala, Samuel Akech, Ambrose Agweyu, Grace Irimu, Mike English
Experiences From an Implementation Model of ARI Diagnostic Device in Pneumonia Case Management Among Under-5 Children in Peripheral Healthcare Centers in India
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Clinical Medical Insights: Pediatrics, this study examined the use of multimodal pulse oximeters integrated with routine OPD of primary health centers after an abridged IMNCI training.
November 2021
By: Harish Kumar, Enisha Sarin, Prasant Saboth, Avinash Jaiswal, Nidhi Chaudhary, Jaya Swarup Mohanty, Nitin Bisht, Shailendra Singh Tomar, Anil Gupta, Ranjan Panda, Rachana Patel, Arvind Kumar, Sachin Gupta, Varun Alwadhi
Strengthening Access to Medical Oxygen for Women’s and Children’s Health
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This webinar discusses medical oxygen needs for women and children, highlighting the various medical oxygen delivery systems, and presenting a series of technical resources in PATH’s Oxygen Delivery Toolkit.
November 2021
By: PATH
The Impact of Pulse Oximetry on Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes of Acute Febrile Illness in Low-income and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this article systematically reviewed studies of any design comparing one group where pulse oximetry was used and at least one group where it was not.
November 2021
By: Rusheng Chew, Meiwen Zhang, Arjun Chandna, Yoel Lubell
Oxygen Systems Strengthening as an Intervention to Prevent Childhood Deaths due to Pneumonia in Low-resource settings: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Cost-effectiveness
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this paper reviews the evidence on the effectiveness of strengthening oxygen systems on mortality for children with pneumonia — to populate estimates in the Lives...
December 2021
By: Felix Lam, Angela Stegmuller, Victoria B. Chou, Hamish Graham
UNICEF Health Programme Results 2021: Key Highlights
INFORMATION BRIEF | These brochures highlight the key results for maternal, newborn and adolescent health, immunization, HIV and AIDS, and primary healthcare, as outlined in the 2021 Global Annual Results Report for Goal...
December 2021
By: UNICEF
Resources and Geographic Access to Care for Severe Pediatric Pneumonia in Four Resource-limited Settings
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study (published in American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine) sought to identify healthcare facilities that were adequately resourced to manage severe pediatric pneumonia.
January 2022
By: Suzanne M. Simkovich, Lindsay J. Underhill, Miles A. Kirby, Mary E. Crocker, Dina Goodman, John P. McCracken, Lisa M. Thompson, Anaité Diaz-Artiga, Adly Castañaza-Gonzalez, Sarada S. Garg, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Gurusamy Thangavel, Ghislaine Rosa, Jennifer L. Peel, Thomas F. Clasen, Eric D. McCollum, William Checkley
COVID-19 Case Management Webinar Series: COVID-19 in Children and Young Persons
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This webinar focuses on key elements to consider in the clinical management of mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 in children and young persons.
March 2022
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Prevalence of Hypoxemia in Children with Pneumonia in Low-income and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this study presents an estimated number of children who are admitted to hospital due to pneumonia with hypoxemia annually.
March 2022
By: Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Aniqa Tasnim Hossain, Harish Nair, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, David H. Dockrell, Shams El Arifeen, Harry Campbell
Hypoxemia Prevalence and Management among Children and Adults presenting to Primary Care Facilities in Uganda: A Prospective Cohort Study
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLOS Global Public Health, this study assessed the prevalence and management of hypoxemia at primary care facilities in Uganda.
April 2022
By: Hamish Graham, Yewande Kamuntu, Jasmine Miller, Anna Barrett, Blasio Kunihira, Santa Engol, Lorraine Kabunga, Felix Lam, Charles Olaro, Harriet Ajilong, Freddy Eric Kitutu
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Children in Resource-limited Settings, Effect on Mortality and Adverse Events: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Disease in Childhood, this study sought to determine noninvasive ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) outcomes for pediatric respiratory distress in LMICs.
May 2022
By: Kristen L. Sessions, Andrew G. Smith, Peter J. Holmberg, Brian Wahl, Tisungane Mvalo, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Ryan W. Carroll, Eric D. McCollum
Solar Power is Inspiring Collective Actions to Strengthen Somalia’s Health System for UHC
ARTICLE | In January 2021, Somalia’s Ministry of Health, supported by the WHO Innovation Hub and the WHO Country Office, piloted a solar-powered oxygen delivery system.
May 2022
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Technology and Market Landscape: Next Generation Pulse Oximeters
REPORT | This report aims to assess the potential of multimodal pulse oximeters to improve the integrated diagnosis and treatment of illnesses for patients presenting at health facilities in LMICs.
September 2022
By: PATH
WHO Indicator: Children Aged <5 Years with Pneumonia Symptoms Taken to a Healthcare Provider
DATA DASHBOARD | This indicator demonstrates the percentage of children aged under five years with pneumonia symptoms who are taken to a healthcare provider.
September 2022
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for Severe Pneumonia in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review of Contextual Factors
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of Global Health, this systematic review looks to understand the important contextual factors that impact on implementation, effectiveness, and safety of CPAP in low-resource settings.
October 2022
By: Chris Wilkes, Rami Subhi, Hamish Graham, Trevor Duke
Childhood Pneumonia: Everything You Need to Know
ARTICLE | This article outlines key questions related to pneumonia and its treatment and key solutions to reduce morbidity and mortality from pneumonia in children.
November 2022
By: UNICEF
Pneumonia and Diarrhea Progress Report Card
REPORT | IVAC’s annual Pneumonia and Diarrhea Progress Report evaluates the progress across 10 high-impact indicators outlined in the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhea (GAPPD).
November 2022
By: International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC)
Pneumonia: Data Portal
DATA DASHBOARD | This data dashboard provides country-level data on pneumonia across the globe.
December 2022
By: UNICEF
What you Need to Know about Stillbirths: Answers to Common Questions about this Tragic Loss of Life
ARTICLE | This webpage provides answers to key questions about stillbirths.
January 2023
By: UNICEF
Randomised Trials in Child and Adolescent Health in Developing Countries
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Each year this booklet is compiled to summarize the evidence on child and adolescent health derived from randomized or controlled trials in developing countries over the previous year.
July 2023
By: Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Paediatric Society of Papua New Guinea
Guideline on Management of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea in Children up to 10 years of age
GUIDANCE | This guideline aims to help WHO Member States and their partners make evidence-informed decisions on the appropriate actions in their efforts to address common childhood illnesses, including pneumonia and diarrhoea.
December 2024
By: World Health Organization (WHO)
The Oxygen Series
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This webinar series highlights the diagnosis and therapy for hypoxemia, both pediatric and adult. It discusses oxygen saturation targets, flow of oxygen needed, and appropriate oxygen delivery devices for those...
February 2025
By: Assist International, Stanford Medicine – Anesthesia Division of Global Health Equity