This library provides a comprehensive set of global and country-specific tools, guidance, and other resources to support oxygen scale-up and long-term respiratory care planning.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Public Health Action, this study assesses the electronic dashboard for oxygen monitoring and stockout prevention implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic across 12 hospitals in Lesotho.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet, this prospective study examined all inpatients >18 years to assess the co-primary outcomes of critical illness and 7-day mortality in acute hospitals across Africa.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | WHO hosted a virtual workshop series to introduce practical and applicable knowledge for Member States and partners to expand on or develop costed national oxygen scale-up plans.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this study describes reliable oxygen availability and functional availability in 39 low-income and middle-income countries and to compare across WHO subregions.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of Global Health, this paper presents concerted efforts that were undertaken to optimize the medical oxygen system in Cameroon to enhance patient care and reduce mortality.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this paper discusses how Ethiopia’s efforts to improve medical oxygen security can provide valuable insights for other LMICs.
GUIDANCE | This guidance is intended to support the development of an actionable plan for medical oxygen scale up, which should follow a clear methodology and elements for continuous monitoring and evaluating.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The Lancet Global Health Commission on medical oxygen security aimed to synthesize available evidence and produce actionable recommendations. This article highlights the results of the Commission’s work.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this case study focuses on the political environment surrounding medical oxygen in Nigeria, assessing the adoption of national policies at State and local levels.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this study highlights a rapid assessment of oxygen systems through cross-sectional survey data across 39 LMICs in six WHO subregions.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this study estimates how health care resources provided by the public sector were used in Malawi and the effects of strengthening health services.
REPORT | This report analyzes data collected via facility assessments to provide a snapshot of the medical oxygen ecosystem from 113 health facilities in seven counties across Kenya.
REPORT | This report analyzes and presents data collected during facility assessments in 14 provinces across Senegal, by service ward, to provide a snapshot of the country’s oxygen ecosystem.
REPORT | The purpose of this assessment is quantifying the Tanzania’s capacity to produce, distribute, and utilize medical oxygen. Results demonstrate that oxygen production covers only 20% of estimated oxygen need.
REPORT | This report analyzes data collected through facility assessments from 340 health facilities in 26 provinces across DRC to provide a snapshot of their medical oxygen ecosystem.
REPORT | This report analyzes data collected during facility assessments in ten provinces across Zambia, by service ward type, to provide a snapshot of the country’s medical oxygen ecosystem.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in medRxiv, this study describes AIRE project intervention sites in Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, and Niger and measures their capacity to offer IMCI-care prior to project implementation.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Lung India, this study determines normative values of SpO2 by pulse oximetry in apparently healthy children and to explore variation in oxygen saturation levels by age and gender.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet, this study evaluates the impact and cost-effectiveness of scaling up pulse oximetry and oxygen on childhood acute lower respiratory infections outcomes in Malawi.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Global Health: Science and Practice, this study analyzed Ethiopia’s PSA plant program, showing increased access but persistent challenges in affordability and hospital preparedness.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Annals of the American Thoracic Society, this study aimed to quantify the association between potential risk factors and chronic hypoxemia among adults hospitalized in Kenya.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, this study evaluates neonatal resuscitation practices in Nigerian primary and secondary health facilities, identifying gaps in equipment and training that hinder effective neonatal care.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This strategy provides a clear roadmap for increasing access to medical oxygen to reach those in need at all levels of the healthcare system in Rwanda.
ARTICLE | MSF-supported South Hospital in Sudan, has received hundreds of casualties since an escalation of fighting on 10 May. MSF’s deputy medical coordinator describes the dire situation on the ground.
REPORT | This interim report reviewed USAID oxygen programs in Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, and Vietnam.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The study, published in African Journal of Emergency Medicine, found significant deficiencies in emergency care capacity in Sierra Leone, including lacking essential infrastructure, equipment, and trained providers.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published PLoS Global Public Health, this study measures the effectiveness of deploying trained and equipped CHWs in reducing COVID-19 infections and deaths in two counties in rural Western Kenya.
REPORT | This project estimates the potential public health impact of the Gaza crisis under different future trajectories of its evolution (7 Feb to 6 Aug 2024).
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this article examines hospital readiness for critical care in Tanzania, highlighting key challenges in infrastructure, staffing, and equipment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Emergency Medicine International, this review describes strategies for oxygen ecosystems in middle-income countries, with specific experiences from Lebanon.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this exploratory qualitative study identifies delays in delivery of care to critically ill patients and possible ways to address these delays in four public Kenyan hospitals.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in JAMA Network Open, this study aimed to assess the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through 2050 using modelling and considering COPD risk factors.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS Global Public Health, this article evaluates quality improvement efforts to enhance COVID-19 care in Sierra Leone through a modified Delphi process and nationwide assessments.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of the American College of Surgeons, this study evaluates baseline surgical safety practices in Nigeria to inform targeted interventions for improving patient safety and surgical outcomes.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this study evaluates critical care capacity in medical wards across Malawi, identifying significant barriers in both district and central hospitals.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anesthesia & Analgesia, this study found that most major referral hospitals in Kenya lack sufficient anesthetic monitoring equipment, with only one hospital meeting all recommended guidelines.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in medRixv, this study aimed to describe the surge capacity of curative-healthcare institutions for disaster management at disease endemic district of Sri Lanka.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the European Journal of Medical Research, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of critical illness in a Swedish region.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Annals of Global Health, this study examines Malawi’s critical care units and identifies significant barriers such as equipment shortages and stockouts.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | Their second iteration, this oxygen roadmap provides a comprehensive approach to overcome prevailing bottlenecks and improve access to medical oxygen, diagnostics, and hypoxemia management.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS Global Public Health, this study aims to assess the value of improved access and use of oxygen concentrators and cylinders during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Regional Health – West Pacific, this study evaluated surgical care capacity in five Pacific Island Countries and identified key gaps and disparities in surgical specialist densities.
REPORT | The SPA 2021-22 Report provides a comprehensive analysis of health service availability and quality in Ethiopia, focusing on infrastructure, staffing, and essential health services to inform health policy and planning.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Medical Research Archives, this review explores the challenges and regional initiatives in addressing oxygen shortages in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region during the COVID-19 pandemic.
TOOL | Published by the World Health Organization, this document provides the combined HHFA questionnaire for evaluating health facility capacities, covering service availability, readiness, management, and finance.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, this study received healthcare workers’ input on designing a pediatric smartphone-based pulse oximeter in South Africa.
REPORT | Published in the Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin, the study aimed to assess availability and readiness based on logistics, workforce, clinical management, and IPC.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | The Zambian National Medical Oxygen Strategic Plan 2022–2026 provides strategic direction for ensuring the supply of safe medical oxygen needed to manage clients with respiratory conditions, including COVID-19.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This second national strategy builds on the foundations laid by the first plan (2017-2022) for more equitable access to medical oxygen in health facilities in Nigeria.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The study, published in BMJ Open, found significant gaps in emergency care capacity in Northern Tanzania, with deficiencies in infrastructure, training, and resources.
GUIDANCE | This document has been compiled to capture definitions, technical requirements, tools and resources related to medical oxygen systems.
REPORT | PATH partnered with the Malawian Ministry of Health to conduct a detailed equipment inventory survey that documents current availability and functionality of key medical equipment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This article in Global Health: Science and Practice highlights how expedited solutions must be balanced with locally-led and context-specific sustainability planning for oxygen sourcing and supply infrastructures.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This strategic action plan goes into detail on the strategic framework, as outlined by the National Medical Oxygen Policy, and lays the foundation for scaling up medical oxygen across Ghana.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this study assessed the facility readiness for the provision of postpartum care within the immediate postpartum period in the greater Mpigi region, Uganda.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | The overarching objective of this operational plan is to improve access to medical oxygen for all people in Eswatini and ensure effective use to save lives by the year 2025.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of the American College of Surgeons, this study evaluates access to emergency care in North-Central Nigeria and highlights the challenges in providing timely and effective care.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This PATH Live Forum brought together thought leaders to discuss challenges and solutions associated with sustainable oxygen access to energize long-term oxygen investment.
REPORT | This report provides survey results related to use of Zambia’s oxygen data dashboard, which demonstrates many were aware of the dashboard, but most did not use it regularly.
GUIDANCE | This guidance note provides a comprehensive overview of medical oxygen production, distribution, and use in Asia and the Pacific region and explores how to improve systems over time.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Open Access Emergency Medicine, this study assesses the capacity of essential and emergency surgical services in primary hospitals of Gedeo zone and Sidama region, South Ethiopia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões, this study assesses surgical care capacity among hospitals providing care for the rural populations in the Amazonas state of Brazil.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pediatric Emergency Care, this study aimed to develop a comprehensive, digital, open-access health facility survey to assess facility readiness to provide pediatric critical care in resource-limited settings.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this study highlights the importance of eliciting tacit knowledge from healthcare workers to improve facility-based care in low-resource settings.
REPORT | This report presents the 2021 Nepal Health Facility Survey findings, covering infrastructure, resource availability, service readiness, and quality of care in the country’s health facilities.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Respiratory Care, this article outlines procedures for estimating medical gas flow limitations within health care organizations and also methods for estimating gas consumption.
GUIDANCE | This guide and associated tool repository provide vetted methods and tools to better leverage diverse forms of evidence for more effective policy and practice in clinical and public health.
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | The Training of Trainers module is meant for providing training to those participants who are expected to effectively oversee the oxygen ecosystem at their respective levels.
GUIDANCE | This is a reference guide that provides guidance on conducting oxygen audits with an aim to debunk the myths surrounding such audits in health facilities.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Annals of African Medicine, this study examines misconceptions about oxygen therapy among patients and caregivers in Nigeria, highlighting beliefs that delay oxygen administration.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This National Strategic Plan on Essential Emergency and Critical Care (EECC) Services will guide stakeholders to effective provision of the prioritized care and improved quality of care in health systems.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Pan African Medical Journal, this study evaluated the current state of availability of basic life support devices and essential drugs in healthcare facilities in southern Nigeria.
INFORMATION BRIEF | This factsheet offers an overview of the Strengthening Oxygen Utilization and Respiratory Care Ecosystems (SOURCE) project to support countries to equitably improve oxygen access.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anesthesia & Analgesia, this study reviews the status of intensive care services in Ethiopia, highlighting infrastructure and training gaps.
REPORT | This report evaluates the availability and readiness of healthcare services across health facilities in Malawi, focusing on infrastructure, quality of care, and service delivery for key health services.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Lung India, this retrospective study looked at the presence of hypoxia without dyspnea in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Annals of Medicine and Surgery, this study assessed how COVID-19 affected essential and emergency surgical care in Gedeo and Sidama zone hospitals in Ethiopia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Pulmonary Medicine, this study evaluated respiratory disease management in Chinese primary care settings. It found that overall management of respiratory diseases was inadequate.
GUIDANCE | This publication aims to give an overview to those who wish to start a process of evaluation and acquisition of oxygen-generating pressure swing adsorption plants.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Rawal Medical Journal, this study evaluates the quality of care of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and the change in practice after educational program and recommendations.
INFORMATION BRIEF | This compilation of testimonials highlights PATH’s support to strengthen capacity to effectively manage medical oxygen systems in India.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study found that Liberia has a critical shortage of surgical specialists, leading non-specialist physicians to perform the majority of operations.
TOOL | This questionnaire supports the creation of a data set to help evaluate national capacity for anesthesia care and to provide guidance for improving or maintaining safe anesthesia standards.
REPORT | This report summarizes observations from the collected data of a biomedical equipment survey and is intended to help global and national stakeholders understand COVID-19 treatment capacity in DRC.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anesthesia & Analgesia, this study highlighted deficiencies in pediatric anesthesia services and training infrastructure in Sindh, Pakistan, including inconsistent equipment availability and lack of standardized practices.
ARTICLE | Though the COVID-19 response has had a positive impact on Africa’s medical oxygen sector, health experts said the gains made during the pandemic should be sustained in the long term.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Using established indicators from WHO, this review—published in Journal of Global Health—evaluate how well existing tools assess quality of care for children presenting with acute respiratory infections.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anesthesia Essays and Researches, this literature review attempts to enrich readers in further strengthening the oxygen supplies in hospitals during pandemics and other natural disasters.
ARTICLE | In 2016, the Ethiopian Ministry of Health designed and implemented an oxygen and pulse oximetry scale up road map, which resulted in significant improvements in oxygen availability and use.
INFORMATION BRIEF | This case study highlights PATH’s support in making medical oxygen available in hard-to-reach areas of India.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in EClinicalMedicine, this study used a novel research instrument to assess public sector emergency and critical care capacity and service readiness in LICs, with a pilot first in Malawi.
REPORT | This report provides an overview of the respiratory care equipment supplier landscape in Vietnam.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of Critical Care, this study provides a current overview of the state of critical care services in Nigeria, including the basic infrastructure, personnel, equipment, and processes.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | The objective of this Oxygen Preparedness Plan is to identify and implement priority activities which urgently need to be undertaken to respond to the current COVID-19 outbreak in Cambodia.
ARTICLE | PATH partnered with the Malawi Ministry of Health and UNICEF to develop and launch a roadmap to establish and maintain a comprehensive national medical oxygen ecosystem.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This oxygen roadmap provides a structured and attainable plan to establish and maintain a comprehensive national medical oxygen ecosystem in Malawi.
REPORT | This report examines the state of medical oxygen supply in Vietnam and offers insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the oxygen supply system.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Public Health Action, this study assesses the readiness of Lesotho’s hospitals to handle COVID-19, focusing on the gaps in the oxygen ecosystem and infection prevention.
TOOL | The Health Facility Service Readiness Checklist was systematically developed to determine the facility’s service readiness for small and sick newborn care prior to NEST installation.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Global Health Action, this study establishes how prepared frontline facilities in Malawi are to implement WHO ETAT guidelines to support policy and planning decisions.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This webinar discusses medical oxygen needs for women and children, highlighting the various medical oxygen delivery systems, and presenting a series of technical resources in PATH’s Oxygen Delivery Toolkit.
INFORMATION BRIEF | This brief introduces the oxygen ecosystem and then outlines four business models: bulk supply agreements, cash-and-carry filling stations, direct equipment purchases, and equipment leasing.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study found that essential medicines for children were largely available at low-level private health facilities in Uganda, but crucial equipment and clinical guidelines were lacking.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Pediatrics, this study evaluates whether availability of oxygen and its clinical practice in public hospitals of Ethiopia changed during the time of their oxygen roadmap implementation.
GUIDANCE | This guidebook presents a comprehensive view at the entire oxygen ecosystem in Meghalaya, India and will be helpful to various stakeholders in the field.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This roadmap is intended to guide implementation and coordination of oxygen activities in Liberia, to provide cost estimates for implementation, and to support resource mobilization efforts.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Frontiers in Public Health, this study describes a visual exploratory data analysis and the use of a polynomial model to estimate the number of COVID-19 deaths in Bangladesh.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this study found that while most facilities in 46 countries had sufficient resources for infection prevention, maternal outcomes were worse in low-income areas.
INFORMATION BRIEF | These case studies demonstrate how UNICEF Bangladesh, Liberia, Kenya, and Nepal supported governments to ensure COVID-19 investments led to improved oxygen access for newborns and children.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This strategic plan for oxygen therapy aims to achieve 100% oxygen coverage at each level of the health system in Madagascar, through autonomy of oxygen production at the regional level.
ARTICLE | Published on Gas World, this article explores oxygen supply chain shortages that ultimately failed to prevent the loss of many thousands of lives.
ARTICLE | Published on Gas World, this articles provides an overview of lessons learned from past epidemics and the interplay between political playbooks and pandemic preparedness.
REPORT | This report highlights an assessment of biomedical equipment in Pakistan, especially focusing on oxygen supply systems.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of the Intensive Care Society, this perspective article highlights the critical care preparedness of India for the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated challenges.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study reveals that while private hospitals in Chiapas, Mexico, have better infrastructure, public hospitals perform more surgeries at a lower cost.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this study evaluates the service availability and readiness of public health facilities in Bangladesh to manage childhood pneumonia through IMCI services.
INFORMATION BRIEF | This supply intelligence brief series is intended to be a concise primer to understand the solutions available to meet a health system’s need for medical oxygen and its delivery.
GUIDANCE | WHO convened a consultation, held over four meetings, with groups that have proven experience implementing oxygen scale up activities to accelerate oxygen access at the country level.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This article in American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene argues the imperative to consider scalable, sustainable approaches to providing oxygen to those in greatest need at a policy level.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This webinar covers essential considerations related to installing a PSA plant, including conducting a scope and need analysis, considering overall cost, looking at the advantages of piping, and more.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this article presents a case study on oxygen access from 58 health facilities in Lagos state, Nigeria.
REPORT | This report summarizes observations from the collected data of a biomedical equipment survey and is intended to help global and national stakeholders understand COVID-19 treatment capacity in Zambia.
TOOL | This document, featuring a tool to quantify facility-level commodities, is part of a set of tools that can be locally modified to train health providers in respiratory care.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this study analyzes neonatal mortality in Kenyan hospitals, identifying major risk factors and calling for improved prenatal and neonatal care to reduce mortality.
TOOL | This collection of tools is a resource to support meaningful assessments and better target effective interventions for those who are building the oxygen ecosystem.
REPORT | This report summarizes observations from the collected data of a biomedical equipment survey and is intended to help global and national stakeholders understand COVID-19 treatment capacity in Kinshasa, DRC.
REPORT | This report summarizes observations from the collected data of a biomedical equipment survey and is intended to help global and national stakeholders understand COVID-19 treatment capacity in Senegal.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study examines the COVID-19 preparedness of health facilities and community service points in Sierra Leone that serve PLHIV.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Paediatrics Open, this study investigates the implementation of IMCI in Malawi, focusing on knowledge gaps and resource availability in healthcare settings.
GUIDANCE | This guidance aids country teams with program design and source language for developing funding requests for accelerating COVID-19 response efforts.
TOOL | This tool is meant to support the strengthening of oxygen ecosystems, including infrastructure design and maintenance, supply chain, training and ongoing mentorship, and clinical guideline development.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, this study found that spinal anesthesia was the most common method for caesarean sections in Sierra Leone, but many providers lacked formal qualifications.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet, this study aimed to assess the status of essential medical products, oxygen supply, and methods of procurement in COVID-19 treatment facilities across Nepal.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Disease in Childhood, this article reflects on the pandemic response at a hospital in Malawi, highlighting the role of local leadership, community support, and embedded research.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | CHAI and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute held a virtual event moderated by President Bill Clinton, to discuss the urgent need to expand global access to medical oxygen.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Critical Care, this observational study highlights Ghana’s critical shortage of ICU beds and intensivists, with only 0.5 ICU beds per 100,000 people.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | As noted in this article from The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, oxygen is becoming critical as the 2nd wave of COVID-19 unfolds in Africa and health systems become overwhelmed.
MULTIMEDIA | This survey, covering 230 hospitals across 63 countries, shows the chronic resource and training gaps faced by LMIC health workers as they battle both surgical emergencies and COVID-19 care.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Annals of Global Health, this study estimates surgical and trauma care capacity in rural Nanakpur, Haryana, India using the PIPES and INTACT tools.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, the study found that hospitals with better stock management practices had higher trauma care resource availability in Ghana.
REPORT | This report summarizes observations from the collected data of a biomedical equipment survey and is intended to help global and national stakeholders understand COVID-19 treatment capacity in Malawi.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Clinical Nursing, this review highlighted the importance of systematic, human-centered design in creating paper-based nursing records for inpatient care.
REPORT | CHAI supported the Liberia Ministry of Health to conduct an assessment of select facilities to understand current availability of oxygen equipment, as well as facility readiness to provide oxygen therapy.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Tropical Doctor, this study explored the views of rural health workers in Papua New Guinea on the impact of a program to improve their oxygen delivery systems.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | As highlighted in this Global Health: Science and Practice article, field experience from African and Asia-Pacific contexts reveal practical strategies whereby hospitals can rapidly improve their oxygen systems.
TOOL | This is an interactive tool to help stakeholders communicate the urgency of investing in access to medical oxygen and related technologies to meet the needs of COVID-19 in LMICs.
TOOL | This tool estimates the number of contact tracers needed to identify and trace COVID-19 cases and estimate the number of health workers needed to treat COVID-19 cases.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Bulletin of the National Research Centre, this study examines whether Bangladesh’s stringent policy measures during the COVID-19 pandemic had any positive impact on controlling case numbers.
TOOL | This suite of modules is designed to meet country needs throughout the different phases of COVID-19 preparedness, response, and recovery and is aligned with all published WHO guidance on COVID-19.
REPORT | This survey provides detailed information on the delivery of services and the functioning of the various elements of the health system in Senegal in 2019, including those related to oxygen...
TOOL | The Adaptt Surge Planning Support Tool is an Excel-based graphical tool intended for policymakers and senior planners to focus on surge planning information.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study reveals significant shortages in essential equipment and medications for non-communicable diseases and injuries across eight low-income countries.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, this article describes the current Bangladesh situation as well as the consequences in the country due to COVID-19.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in International Journal of Surgery, this article presents an updated surgical assessment tool to evaluate key elements of surgical care delivery in low- and middle-income countries.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons, this study evaluated infrastructure and prices for operations in public and private hospitals in Chiapas state, Mexico.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This article in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization outlines key gaps and challenges around providing medical oxygen to patients who need it.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this article calls for better data collection on oxygen availability in sub-Saharan Africa to improve its access, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, this study assesses the perspective of doctors working in Nepal regarding hospital preparedness for COVID-19 infection prevention measures, etc.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this study surveyed Ethiopian hospitals for the presence and functionality of pulse oximeters and capacity for oxygen saturation monitoring.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in International Journal of Surgery, this study developed a surgical assessment tool to evaluate Ethiopia’s surgical capacity.
GUIDANCE | As part of PATH’s Oxygen Delivery Toolkit, this guide provides recommendations on how to create or improve high-quality, country-specific resources for health facility infrastructure and medical device requirements.
REPORT | This report provides a summary of the oxygen supply in Kenya, specifically looking at county capacity, quality of service, and country administration, operations, and safety.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Public Health, this study found that only 4 of 116 hospitals in Malawi were fully equipped for pediatric emergency care, with critical shortages in essential supplies.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study from PLOS One assessed surge capacity of the Kenyan health system in terms of general hospital and intensive care unit beds during the COVID-19 pandemic.
REPORT | This assessment took stock of the readiness status of health facilities to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, including an assessment of oxygen supply and delivery systems.
ARTICLE | Availability of oxygen is not currently a standard health system indicator. The EBC coalition has been working to improve the way oxygen and key pneumonia-related indicators are collected and reported.
GUIDANCE | As part of PATH’s Oxygen Delivery Toolkit, this guide describes the key steps that should be followed when procuring and contracting for an oxygen delivery system.
REPORT | An inventory assessment was conducted in Ethiopia in all public and functional COVID-19 treatment facilities to understand the readiness and capacity of these facilities for COVID-19 case management.
TOOL | UNICEF has developed an Excel-based tool to help stakeholders plan their oxygen supply system.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pediatric Pulmonology, this study examined stakeholder perspectives on pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria, revealing gaps in pneumonia-specific policies, healthcare infrastructure, and community awareness.
TOOL | This survey assesses quantified availability and the causes for nonfunctioning of different sources of oxygen delivery and supply systems to the patient to determine priorities and re-allocation requirements.
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | This document was created to support country decision-makers in developing and executing a comprehensive respiratory care plan to meet the demands of COVID-19.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pediatric Pulmonology, this article explores health system challenges in managing childhood pneumonia in Lagos and Jigawa, Nigeria, and provides recommendations for improvements.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, this article shares the experience of a multispecialty hospital and designated COVID-19 center in India.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Pan African Medical Journal, this study assesses primary health workers’ experience of neonatal resuscitation and audit primary health centers for related equipment availability.
REPORT | This survey provides information on the delivery of services and the functioning of the various elements of the health system in Senegal in 2018, including those related to oxygen delivery.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pediatrics Pulmonology, the study aimed to quantify the regional burden and risks of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria, and specifically the states of Lagos and Jigawa.
GUIDANCE | This guide is intended to support a value-based procurement approach when planning for and procuring new medical equipment in resource-constrained health systems.
TOOL | As part of PATH’s Oxygen Delivery Toolkit, this manual provides resources to train those involved in conducting a baseline assessment of the current status of oxygen delivery systems.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this study analyzes Malawi’s healthcare system’s preparedness for COVID-19, revealing crucial gaps in oxygen, PPE, and isolation facilities.
INFORMATION BRIEF | This factsheet outlines the COVID-19 Respiratory Care Response Coordination project to support countries in the development of a comprehensive respiratory care strategy for COVID-19 and beyond.
INFORMATION BRIEF | With the increased attention to oxygen supply brought by COVID-19, there is an opportunity to build adequate infrastructure to deliver oxygen in a systematic manner.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this review defines and measures effective coverage in MNCAHN, proposes a standardized approach to include quality of care, and outlines research priorities.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Emergency Medicine, this study assesses the emergency care capacity at government referral hospitals in Eswatini, identifying key gaps and suggesting improvements.
TOOL | Published by the World Health Organization, this document outlines harmonized assessment modules to evaluate health facility readiness, resources, and service continuity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | This Oxygen Delivery Toolkit provides materials to help plan, manage, and communicate the value of scaling up oxygen delivery systems and access to oxygen and pulse oximetry.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This presentation is meant to help medical gas professionals and healthcare facilities better understand the impact that treating COVID-19 patients may have on a hospital’s medical gas systems.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | From an urgent and pragmatic perspective, this article published in BMC Critical Care suggests creative uses of existing resources and repurposing others for human medical care.
REPORT | There is a need for continued and regular public messaging from the Government of Myanmar to try and calm the population and convince people not to panic during COVID-19.
TOOL | This guide and Excel tool should be used to administer the SEARO-IMAI oxygen survey at district and regional hospitals.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Indian Pediatrics, this study aimed to investigate the status of oxygen monitoring in special newborn care units delivering a model program for retinopathy of prematurity.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this study examined the quality of neonatal care in district facilities in Malawi, revealing major shortcomings in infection control, equipment, and newborn care.
REPORT | This report outlines an implementation plan to provide oxygen services as a utility, which is a potential new way forward to address many of the issues that limit oxygen access.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, this retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study investigates infants participating in pneumonia surveillance in Malawi.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Systemic Reviews, this study aims to fill a key evidence gap by providing comprehensive estimates of hypoxemia prevalence.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Critical Care, this study reveals Uganda’s ICU capacity is limited, with only 12 functional ICUs serving a population with 1.3 ICU beds per million.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Open Access Emergency Medicine, this study identifies major gaps in emergency drugs and equipment in Ethiopian ICUs, especially in pediatric care and equipment for intubation management.
REPORT | This report presents findings of a Health Facility Survey in 2017, which assessed the quality, availability, and accessibility of health services in the country.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study highlighted in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization aims to identify and describe interventions to improve oxygen therapy in hospitals in low-resource settings.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anesthesia & Analgesia, this study evaluates anesthesia capacity in Bangladesh, revealing a modest increase in anesthesiologists and improvements in infrastructure since 2012.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, the study found that facility readiness and health worker knowledge in rural southern Nepal were inadequate for providing quality maternal and newborn care.
TOOL | All U.S. hospitals need to be prepared for patients with suspected or confirmed 2019-nCoV. This checklist highlights some key areas for hospitals to review in preparation.
REPORT | The SARA 2018 survey evaluated the availability and operational capacity of health services in Mozambique, providing essential data for health system strengthening.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this observational study found that clinical consultations for respiratory illness in young children were often too brief to guide accurate diagnoses.
INFORMATION BRIEF | The National Scale Up of Medical Oxygen Implementation Plan is the first policy of its kind to coordinate oxygen stakeholders and provide long-term guidance for scaling oxygen access in Uganda.
REPORT | This report presents findings of the 2018-19 Afghanistan Service Provision Assessment which evaluates the quality, availability, and accessibility of health services in the country.
INFORMATION BRIEF | This factsheet highlights a PATH project that aims to build capacity in support of oxygen scale up at the country level.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons, this study assessed the surgical capacity of 4 states in Nigeria based on The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery Indicators.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study describes a nationwide mixed-methods evaluation of private and private-not-for-profit surgical capacity in Uganda, conducted in partnership with the Ministry of Health.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | The Federal Government of Nigeria has developed the first-ever national pneumonia control strategy and implementation plan to elevate pneumonia within the integrated newborn and child health agenda.
GUIDANCE | Published by WHO and PAHO, this guide provides evaluators with a detailed methodology for assessing hospital safety and preparedness using the Safe Hospitals Checklist.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this review highlights substantial gaps between crude and quality-adjusted coverage in RMNCH+N services, emphasizing the need to assess service effectiveness.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology, this study assesses facility readiness in LMICs to care for high-risk, small, and sick newborns, highlighting significant variability and the need for improvements.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this study explores the management of childhood pneumonia in South Ethiopia, revealing gaps in healthcare system support and health workers’ knowledge.
REPORT | The Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) and Data Quality Review in 2018 assessed the availability and ability of health care facilities to provide essential services in Uganda.
REPORT | Published by the Haitian Ministry of Public Health, this report provides a comprehensive evaluation of healthcare services in Haiti, focusing on infrastructure, service availability, and quality in 2017-2018.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This National Medical Oxygen Scale Up Implementation Plan articulates a holistic approach to improving demand and supply of medical oxygen in Uganda.
REPORT | This report assesses the availability and operational capacity of health services in Mauritania, providing insights into infrastructure, service readiness, and health system gaps.
REPORT | Published by the Ministry of Health of Kenya, this report evaluates the availability and readiness of healthcare services across Kenya, focusing on infrastructure, quality, and service delivery in 2018-2019.
REPORT | This 2017-18 Democratic Republic of the Congo Service Provision Assessment assesses the quality, availability, and accessibility of health services in the country.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in British Journal of Surgery, this study assesses surgical capacity in Ethiopia, focusing on infrastructure, equipment, and training gaps, and calls for investment to improve surgical care.
REPORT | The SARA+QoC 2018 survey in Burkina Faso evaluated the availability and operational capacity of health services, providing essential data for health system strengthening and quality of care improvement.
REPORT | This 2017 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) Plus integrated a Data Quality Review and Quality of Care assessment of service delivery at health facilities in Sierra Leone.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Disease in Childhood, this study introduces the Clinical Information Network in Kenya, which applies a Learning Health System model to enhance pediatric care in county hospitals.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study used clinical cascades to assess neonatal care readiness in Kenya and Uganda, revealing low overall readiness and significant loss across stages of care.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study assessed pediatric surgical capacity in Mongolia, revealing that only 33.3% have pediatric surgeons and many lack essential equipment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this study evaluates emergency care capacity in Africa using the Emergency Care Assessment Tool, highlighting key gaps and barriers to effective emergency care delivery.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study assesses the relationship between surgical capacity and output in Ghana, highlighting the limitations of current capacity assessments.
REPORT | This survey provides information on the delivery of services and the functioning of the various elements of the health system in Senegal in 2017, including those related to oxygen delivery.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study found that Uganda’s public hospital system falls short of global surgical care targets, with limited surgical capacity and workforce shortages.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study, published in Journal of Public Health Policy, found that energy poverty in sub-Saharan African healthcare facilities hampers healthcare quality and calls for effective policies to improve access.
REPORT | The SARA-DQR-QOC 2017 survey in Guinea evaluated the availability and operational capacity of health services, providing essential data for health system strengthening and quality of care improvement.
TOOL | Key stakeholders convened to generate a list of recommended additions to main data sources to include pneumonia and hypoxemia indicators.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The study, published in Open Journal of Nursing, found significant gaps in the contents and records of emergency trolleys in the maternity sections of state hospitals in Namibia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study obtained baseline data about maternal-neonatal care capacity and health outcomes in a remote, mountainous area of Nepal to identify opportunities for improving care delivery.
REPORT | The Ethiopian Public Health Institute and the Ministry of Health implemented the 2018 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) to assess the availability, readiness, and quality of essential health services.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, this study examined the impact of a package of interventions to 134 health centers, covering 91 rural districts of Ethiopia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, this study evaluates oxygen availability and nursing capacity for oxygen therapy in Ugandan pediatric wards, highlighting gaps in training and equipment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pediatric Surgery International, this study characterizes pediatric surgical capacity in the eastern DRC, highlighting critical gaps in personnel, infrastructure, and equipment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study found that the maternal signal functions model overestimated emergency obstetric readiness by 55%, with many facilities lacking the resources to manage maternal emergencies.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study aimed to assess the preparedness of lower-level health facilities for outpatient primary care of hypertension in Tanzania.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pediatrics, this study demonstrates that the ETAT+ intervention significantly reduced hospital mortality among children under five in Rwanda.
REPORT | The 2017 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) for Sri Lanka assesses the availability, readiness, and quality of essential health services in the country.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | The publication of this first comprehensive National Policy on Medical Oxygen marks a significant step in improving access to lifesaving medical oxygen to patients in Nigeria.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Neurosurgery, this study piloted a new tool to assess neurosurgical capacity and describes its use adapting the Surgeons OverSeas PIPES (personnel, infrastructure, procedures, equipment, and supplies) assessment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this article describes surgical system reform by the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health and the preliminary results of implementation of the SaLTS program.
REPORT | The Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) in 2017 assessed service availability, readiness, and the quality of Eswatini health services provided in all public and private facilities.
REPORT | The 2017 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) aimed to provide reliable information on availability and readiness of health services delivery in Libya.
TOOL | Published by the World Health Organization, this tool assesses emergency unit capacity and service delivery, with a focus on identifying gaps and improving emergency care quality across healthcare settings.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, this study assesses key challenges in providing safe obstetric anesthesia in Uganda, highlighting resource constraints and their impact on maternal and neonatal health.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of the American College of Surgeons, the study reviewed the state of pediatric surgical care in Mongolia, highlighting gaps in resources and recommending improvements.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, this study assesses the availability of basic surgical resources at selected facilities in a number of countries.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anesthesia & Analgesia, an assessment of Madagascar’s anesthesia capacity found critical shortages in trained providers, infrastructure, and equipment.
REPORT | This survey provides detailed information on the delivery of services and the functioning of the various elements of the health system in Senegal in 2016, including those related to oxygen...
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study examined whether drugs and equipment in primary health centers are adequate per Indian Public Health Standards and if there is any effect of their availability on maternal mortality.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This national strategy aims to reduce mortality and morbidity from hypoxemia in Nigeria by addressing the key gaps in access to medical oxygen.
REPORT | The SARA 2017 survey evaluated the availability and operational capacity of health services in Burundi, providing essential data for health system strengthening.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study assessed the extent to which Rwandan district hospitals are prepared to provide pediatric advanced life support management with the introduction of ETAT+.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, the purpose of this study was to assess surgical availability and readiness in 8 African countries using the WHO’s Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anesthesia & Analgesia, this study found that East African hospitals face significant shortages of both anesthesia personnel and equipment, hindering safe obstetric anesthesia.
REPORT | This report presents the 2015 Nepal Health Facility Survey findings, covering infrastructure, resource availability, service readiness, and quality of care in the country’s health facilities.
REPORT | The Ethiopian Public Health Institute and the Ministry of Health implemented the 2016 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) to assess the availability, readiness, and quality of essential health services.
REPORT | The SARA III 2016 survey in Burkina Faso evaluated the availability and operational capacity of health services, providing essential data for health system strengthening and quality of care improvement.
REPORT | This survey provides information on service delivery and the functioning of the various elements of the health system in Senegal in 2015, including those related to oxygen delivery.
TOOL | This document published by WHO outlines an assessment tool to help hospitals evaluate and improve the quality of maternal, neonatal, and pediatric care using interviews, checklists, and observations.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pan African Medical Journal, this study assessed the readiness of Ghana’s health facilities to implement the WHO-PEN intervention for NCDs, identifying gaps in workforce and equipment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anesthesia & Analgesia, this study found severe shortages in pulse oximeters across 40 hospitals in Niger. The Lifebox initiative increased oximeter availability and provided critical training.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This roadmap is intended to guide scale up of oxygen and pulse oximeters as well as standardizing the need for comprehensive approach to implementation at all levels throughout Ethiopia.
REPORT | Published by the Ministry of Health and WHO, this report assesses the availability and operational capacity of health services in Mauritania, providing insights into health system readiness and service delivery.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in JAMA Surgery, this study aims to identify the number of trauma hospitals operating in Syria and to delineate their capacities.
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | This toolkit is intended to help with quantifying commodity needs, developing effective procurement plans, and writing specifications for national tenders.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Surgical Research, this study assessed trauma care capacity in Haiti, revealing severe shortages in essential equipment, surgical personnel, and trauma training.
REPORT | This report presents findings of a Health Facility Survey in 2014 which assessed the quality, availability, and accessibility of health services in Bangladesh.
REPORT | Published by the Ministry of Public Health and WHO, this report assesses the availability and readiness of healthcare services across Chad, focusing on essential health services and system readiness.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in JAMA Surgery, this study compared the availability of trauma care resources in Ghana between 2004 and 2014 to assess a decade of change in the landscape.
REPORT | This report presents the findings of the 2014-15 Tanzania Service Provision Assessment Survey, providing up-to-date information on the delivery of health care services in Tanzania.
REPORT | The Directorate of Statistics of the Niger Ministry of Public Health in collaboration with the National Institute of Statistics implemented Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) survey in 2015.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Critical Care Medicine, this conference presentation abstract sought to understand the basic intensive care unit (ICU) capacity of the province of Zambezia, Mozambique.
REPORT | The 2015 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) survey in Benin assessed the availability and operational capacity of health services across 788 health facilities in the country.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The study, published in the International Journal of Emergency Medicine, found significant deficiencies in emergency care capabilities in North East Haiti.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study assesses capacity to provide essential surgical services including emergency, obstetric, and anesthesia care in PNG, in order to support planning for relevant post-2015 SDGs.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of Pediatric Medicine, this study aimed to assess the availability of pediatric trauma care items and factors contributing to deficiencies in Ghana.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this study assessed emergency and essential surgical care capacity across 12 hospitals in Cameroon, revealing shortages in infrastructure, trained personnel, and equipment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the World Journal of Surgery, this study aimed to assess availability of trauma care technology in Ghana and evaluate factors contributing to deficiencies.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Health Policy and Planning, this study, in partnership with the Malawi Ministry of Health, quantified government hospitals’ surgical capacity through workforce, infrastructure and health service delivery components.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Injury, this study finds significant deficiencies in trauma care technology in Nepal, including shortages of pulse oximeters and ventilators due to maintenance issues.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the World Journal of Surgery, the study reviewed the surgical capacity in Haiti, identifying significant deficiencies in infrastructure and resources, and recommending task-sharing to improve surgical care.
TOOL | The Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) is a health facility assessment tool designed to assess and monitor the service availability and readiness of the health sector.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Canadian Journal of Surgery, this study highlights the severe impact of caustic soda ingestion in children, a growing issue due to its use in local soap production.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet, this article highlights that the need for surgical services in LMICs will continue to rise substantially from now until 2030.
REPORT | This report presents findings from the 2014 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) in DRC, focusing on healthcare services and infrastructure across the country.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the East African Medical Journal, this observational cross-sectional survey evaluated the current status of intensive care unit setups and facilities in Kenya.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Global Health: Science and Practice, this study found severe gaps in surgical capacity across 12 district hospitals in the DRC, with many lacking essential procedures, infrastructure, and resources.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, this study found critical deficiencies in surgical and anesthesia capacity across nine hospitals in Guyana, with district hospitals experiencing the greatest limitations.
TOOL | Published by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, this tool assesses the quality of hospital care for children, focusing on infrastructure, case management, and policies, and supports quality improvement efforts.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study identifies significant deficiencies in trauma care technology in Gujarat, India, including shortages of key equipment like ventilators.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The study, published in BMC Emergency Medicine, found significant deficiencies in emergency care capacity in Freetown, Sierra Leone, particularly in public hospitals.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Disease in Childhood, this study found that while basic neonatal resources were available in Kenyan hospitals, there were deficiencies in equipment and documentation.
REPORT | The Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care implemented the 2014 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) to assess the availability, readiness, and quality of essential health services.
REPORT | The EN-PSQD/SARA II 2014 survey in Burkina Faso evaluated the availability and operational capacity of health services, providing essential data for health system strengthening and quality of care improvement.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, this study found that while many LMICs have facilities for cesarean delivery, barriers persist like a lack of anesthesia providers and equipment.
REPORT | This report presents the findings of the 2013-14 Malawi Service Provision Assessment, evaluating healthcare service availability and quality across the country.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Critical Care, this study assesses extent and variation of critical care services in Sri Lanka, and results showed all facilities had piped oxygen and most had...
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study assessed the compliance of district hospitals in Cameroon with trauma care guidelines.
TOOL | Published by the World Health Organization, this tool assesses and improves the quality of hospital care for mothers and newborn babies, providing a participatory approach to quality enhancement.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, the study highlights deficiencies in facility readiness and provider preparedness for managing critical maternal complications in northern Karnataka, India.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The study, published in BMJ Open, found significant gaps in emergency and urgent care capacity in western Kenya, with many facilities lacking basic supplies, essential equipment, and clinical guidelines.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this article assesses the reliability of the PIPES tool in measuring surgical capacity in resource-limited settings, highlighting areas for improvement.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Surgical Research, this study examines the International Assessment of Capacity for Trauma (INTACT) index as a standardized way of assessing trauma care in Sierra Leone.
REPORT | The Ministry of Health implemented the 2013 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment Mapping (SARAM) for Kenya to assess the availability, readiness, and quality of essential health services.
REPORT | This survey provides detailed information on the delivery of services and the functioning of the various elements of the health system in Senegal, including those related to oxygen delivery.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Disease in Childhood, this study found resource availability in Kenyan hospitals improved over a decade, but critical gaps persist in diagnostics and technologies like pulse oximetry.
REPORT | Published by the Haitian Ministry of Public Health, this report provides an in-depth evaluation of healthcare service provision in Haiti, highlighting key challenges and opportunities for improvement.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Surgery, this study compares the operative capacities of multiple low- and middle-income countries and identify critical gaps in surgical infrastructure.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Surgical Research, this study found significant disparities in surgical capacity between urban and rural areas in Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
REPORT | This Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) survey assessed health service availability and readiness in Uganda, focusing on essential health services such as maternal, child, and HIV care.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study assesses the surgical and anesthesia infrastructure in Nicaraguan hospitals, highlighting capacity variations across hospital types and reliance on NGOs to address gaps.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Global Health Action, this article investigates the challenges and enablers of IMCI strategy implementation at primary healthcare facilities in Sindh, Pakistan, aiming to improve childhood health outcomes.
REPORT | The Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare implemented the 2012 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) to assess the availability, readiness, and quality of essential health services.
REPORT | This Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) in 2013 assessed the availability, readiness, and quality of essential health services in Yemen.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Pediatric Surgery, this study identifies the range of pediatric surgery available, barriers to provision, and safety of surgery performed for the entire pediatric population in Zambia.
REPORT | This survey assesses the delivery of services and the functioning of the various elements of the health system in Senegal in 2013, including those related to oxygen delivery.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, this study reveals routine use of pulse oximetry remains limited for hospitalized children in Malawi.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study aimed to assess the structural capacity for, and quality of, immediate and essential newborn care (ENC) in health facilities in rural Ghana.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The study, published in BMC Health Services Research, surveyed ten Tanzanian hospitals and found significant gaps in emergency and critical care infrastructure and training.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study assesses the surgical and anesthesia infrastructure in Liberia’s county hospitals, identifying gaps in personnel, equipment, and outcomes tracking.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of Near-Patient Testing & Technology, this study examined point-of-care testing and O2 saturation monitoring in Phang Nga to develop preparedness strategies for low-resource small-world networks.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this study describes staff experiences of providing maternal and neonatal care in rural health facilities in Southern Tanzania.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study surveys surgical and anesthesia infrastructure in Bangladesh, revealing critical shortages in skilled personnel, infrastructure, and equipment, especially in district hospitals.
REPORT | This 2013 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) for Benin assessed the availability and operational capacity of health services and the quality of health data.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the World Journal of Surgery, this study quantified the surgical capacity of health facilities in rural southern Nigeria in five areas: workforce, infrastructure, skill, equipment, and supplies.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Pediatrics, this study found significant gaps in pediatric hospital care in Bangladesh, including inadequate triage, limited essential drugs, and poor infrastructure.
REPORT | The 2012 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) assessed the current status of infrastructure, service delivery and system resources, including those relevant to medical oxygen.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Pediatrics, this study found severe deficiencies in neonatal care across 13 Tanzanian health facilities, including poor documentation, lack of premature care units, and frequent medication dosing errors.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study revealed severe deficiencies in pediatric surgical capacity in Sierra Leone’s government hospitals, including a lack of essential equipment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Thorax (BMJ), the study on oxygen therapy in Malawi revealed that fear, misinformation, and limited knowledge were significant barriers to its use.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in International Journal of Hypertension, this study evaluates the capacity of primary care in low-resource settings to manage noncommunicable diseases, highlighting key gaps in infrastructure and resources.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study assessed surgical and anesthesia capacity in Bolivia as part of a larger study assessing capacity in Africa, Latin America, and South Asia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study assessed surgical and anesthesia infrastructure and human resources in Ethiopia as part of a larger study examining capacity in ten African countries.
TOOL | Published by the World Health Organization, this checklist outlines the essential equipment needed for resuscitation and emergency surgical care at first referral health facilities.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study found improvements in surgical capacity across 10 Sierra Leonean hospitals using the PIPES assessment tool.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anesthesia & Analgesia, this study reveals that many Chinese hospitals, particularly smaller and economically disadvantaged ones, lack essential anesthesia equipment.
GUIDANCE | These guidelines seek to set achievable standards for trauma treatment services which could realistically be made available to almost every injured person in the world, including for respiratory care.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study found significant deficiencies in surgical and anesthesia capacity in Uganda’s public hospitals.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Childhood Disease, this study assessed the impact of a twofold brief education intervention on the use of oxygen therapy at a rural hospital in Southern Malawi.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical Research, this study evaluates anesthesia capacity in 22 low- and middle-income countries, revealing that 35% of hospitals lacked oxygen.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in British Journal of Surgery, this study analyzes Rwanda’s emergency surgical capacity, uncovering severe shortages in resources, including trained surgeons and essential equipment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The study, published in BMJ Open, found significant gaps in Tanzania’s first-referral health facilities’ capacity to perform basic surgical procedures, with major deficits in infrastructure, human resources, and essential equipment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Ethiopian Medical Journal, this study found significant gaps in Ethiopia’s neonatal resuscitation capacity, especially in health centers.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study aimed to assess the capacity for delivery of emergency and surgical services in the United Republic of Tanzania.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The study, published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, found significant deficits in emergency and essential surgical care capacity in The Gambia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the World Journal of Surgery, this survey assessed surgical and anesthesia infrastructure in Rwanda as part of a larger study examining low-income African countries.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the World Journal of Surgery, this study aimed to assess the ability to provide surgical care to the people living on outer islands in the Solomon Islands.
REPORT | This report presents findings from the 2010 Kenya Service Provision Assessment, focusing on healthcare infrastructure, services, and resources to enhance health systems in Kenya.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, the study describes oxygen concentrator functioning in Malawi and Mongolia as a primary source of oxygen treatment for children.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study aimed to determine the capacity of Uganda’s highway hospitals to manage mass surgical casualties.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Health Policy, this study assessed the facilities and resources available to support internationally endorsed standards of asthma care at tertiary hospitals in Nigeria.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, this study assesses neonatal resuscitation capacity in Nepal, identifying equipment gaps and emphasizing the need for training and resources.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study determined the test-retest reliability of the WHO Tool for Situational Analysis to Assess Emergency and Essential Surgical Care in 10 Ghanaian hospitals.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the World Journal of Surgery, this study aimed to characterize the availability of surgical and anesthetic services at primary level health facilities in Mongolia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Surgery, this article assesses emergency and surgical care infrastructure in Liberia, identifying gaps in resources and manpower that hinder progress toward poverty reduction.
REPORT | This quality of care (QoC) survey conducted during the first six months of 2010 assessed the care received by mothers and newborns during antenatal and delivery care.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study in the Papua New Guinea Medical Journal reviews the methods for providing oxygen in Papua New Guinea.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, this study compared pediatric surgery rates in southwestern Uganda to England, and determined if surgical facilities and workforce meet WHO standards.
REPORT | This SAM survey in the Central region of Burkina Faso mapped health facilities, pharmacies, and laboratories, evaluating their capacity, services, and resources.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study evaluated the usefulness of the Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care to assess trauma care capabilities in the South American region.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Primary Care Respiratory Journal, the Strategy for Services for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in England outlines service standards for providers of COPD care.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study compares the surgical care infrastructure in Sierra Leone with that of U.S. Civil War hospitals.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, this article discusses the state of oxygen availability and delivery systems in 12 African countries.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet, this article explores the global distribution of operating theatres and the availability of pulse oximeters in hospitals, revealing significant disparities between regions.
TOOL | This WHO tool can be used to assess the gaps in the availability of emergency and essential surgical care at resource-constrained health facilities.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The study, published in World Journal of Surgery, found severe shortages in emergency surgical services in Afghanistan, including limited oxygen supply, running water, and continuous power.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the World Journal of Surgery, this study quantifies the current status of capacity to deliver emergency, anesthesia, and surgical interventions in the conflict affected areas of Sri Lanka.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Surgery, this study found widespread deficiencies in surgical and anesthetic capacity across district-level hospitals in eight LMICs, with critical shortages in infrastructure and essential procedures.
GUIDANCE | This handbook is structured around the six HSS building blocks: service delivery, health workforce, health information systems, access to essential medicines, financing, and leadership/governance.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the American Journal of Surgery, this study assessed the effectiveness of an Acute Trauma Care (ATC) course adapted for Kenya’s resource-limited healthcare system.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Health Affairs, this article presents seven findings about processes that shape access, based on analysis of six case histories.
TOOL | The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist was developed after extensive consultation aiming to decrease errors and adverse events and increase teamwork and communication in surgery.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Surgery, this study combines information quantifying infrastructure, human resources, and supplies for resuscitation, and surgical procedures offered at hospitals in Sierra Leone.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Archives of Disease in Childhood, this study aimed to define normal oxygen saturation and to estimate the threshold of hypoxemia for children permanently living at different altitudes.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study in The Lancet examines the effect of an improved oxygen system on death rate in children with pneumonia in Papua New Guinea.
REPORT | The 2007 Rwanda Service Provision Assessment (RSPA) assessed the strengths and weaknesses of the infrastructure and systems supporting health services in the country.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This article in The Lancet reports that the implementation of oxygen therapy and monitoring systems can be a feasible cost-effective step forward, and can save lives.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Emergency Medicine, this study evaluated emergency medical care in Pakistani district hospitals, revealing severe deficiencies in infrastructure, equipment, and budgeting.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in São Paulo Medical Journal, this study evaluates the material and human resources available for neonatal resuscitation in public hospitals across Brazil’s state capitals.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, a study in north-east Tanzania found poor clinical assessment practices in pediatric wards.
GUIDANCE | This book looks at lack of access to health technologies through a comprehensive analytical framework and examines six case studies based on: Architecture, Availability, Affordability, and Adoption.
GUIDANCE | Published by WHO, this document provides strategies and frameworks for improving pediatric care in small hospitals within developing countries, with a focus on child survival and IMCI.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Injury, this study assesses trauma care resources in Hanoi and Khanh Hoa, Vietnam, revealing deficiencies in district and commune hospitals.
REPORT | The Service Availability and Mapping (SAM) 2005 survey for Ghana was implemented by Ghana Ministry of Health to collect information on the availability and coverage of health services and resources.
REPORT | This Service Availability Mapping (SAM) 2006 provides Tanzania with information on the distribution of facilities, human resources, and basic health services.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, this article assesses hospital services for children in the Solomon Islands, particularly on the efforts to rebuild after the civil conflict.
REPORT | The SAM survey in Albania aimed to assess the availability and coverage of key health services and resources across the country.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in World Journal of Surgery, this study assesses trauma care capabilities in Mexico, Vietnam, India, and Ghana using the WHO-IATSIC Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, this article evaluates the improvements in trauma care in Vietnam following the introduction of the WHO-IATSIC guidelines.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, this study assesses trauma care capabilities in Mexico using the WHO’s Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care, identifying key deficiencies and suggesting improvements.
REPORT | Service Availability Mapping (SAM) in Uganda was conducted by Uganda’s Ministry of Health to collect information on the availability and distribution of key health services.
REPORT | Published by WHO, this report discusses a workshop held in Kyrgyzstan to improve emergency surgical care at primary health facilities, integrating WHO’s IMEESC toolkit to strengthen healthcare and meet MDGs.
REPORT | This report presents findings of the 2004 Egypt Service Provision Assessment which assessed the quality, availability, and accessibility of health services in the region.
REPORT | This report presents findings of the 2002 Egypt Service Provision Assessment which assessed the quality, availability, and accessibility of health services in the region.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, this study highlights challenges faced by first-level health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa in managing severely ill children.
REPORT | Published by the World Health Organization, this report provides insights into and recommendations for improving pediatric care quality in small hospitals in developing countries, based on a consultation in 2000.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Tropical Doctor, this study assessed anesthesia services in rural Tanzania, identifying critical shortages of essential equipment and oxygen supplies.
ARTICLE | Project Boxer is a Global Fund initiative that provides: advice on country oxygen needs, support to local and central procurement and installation, and technical assistance in bulk oxygen production.
TOOL | The Health Facility Assessment (HFA) resources are systematically developed to assess service readiness for small and sick newborn care.
GUIDANCE | This webpage highlights World Health Organization guidance and resources on the use of medical oxygen.
TOOL | Published by the WHO, HeRAMS is designed to provide up-to-date information on health resources and services to support decision-making at various levels.
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | This toolkit brings together knowledge, experiences, resources, and learnings for implementing small and sick newborn care services.
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | The OCC Encyclopedia contains articles written by OCC editors and partners. Soon users will be able to find answers to everything to know about oxygen in this open-access, peer-reviewed encyclopedia.
TOOL | This tool provides a calculator to estimate oxygen demand based on oxygen source, total supply and usage, and patient needs.
TOOL | These web-based applications by the WHO currently consist of a package of six different tools that estimate oxygen need gaps, related costs, and other performance metrics for oxygen.
TOOL | The PIPES (Personnel, Infrastructure, Procedures, Equipment and Supplies) survey assesses gaps in the availability of essential and emergency surgical care at resource constrained health facilities.
TOOL | The PIPES (Personnel, Infrastructure, Procedures, Equipment and Supplies) survey assesses gaps in the availability of essential and emergency surgical care at resource constrained health facilities.
TOOL | The Service Provision Assessment (SPA) is a health facility survey that collects information on service availability and Quality of Care (QoC) measures within a country’s health system.
TOOL | This World Health Organization assessment tool examines different components of surgery services, including existing infrastructure, service delivery, workforce, financing, and information management.
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | This website provides a one-stop shop for all oxygen resources compiled by WHO, including requirements of medicinal oxygen, components of an oxygen system, guidelines, factsheets, and more.
GUIDANCE | These expert-vetted articles and infographics provide guidance on the clinical management of COVID-19 patients, ICU administration, procedures, supply chain issues, and treatment.
DATA DASHBOARD | The solutions outlined on this website are centered around demand, supply, and matching sections around the problems associated with rising oxygen needs because of COVID-19.
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | This course was developed due to the enormous emphasis placed on need for safe provision of oxygen to patients with COVID-19, but can be used for conditions beyond COVID-19.
TOOL | This set of questions provides basic answers for the installation and maintenance of a PSA or VSA oxygen generation plant, including overall considerations for planning a PSA system.
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | Medevis is an open access WHO electronic database on appropriate medical devices according to the levels of care, setting and intended health intervention.
GUIDANCE | This website highlights critical information and resources on COVID-19 treatment and required oxygen equipment for principal recipients of The Global Fund.
DATA DASHBOARD | This National Medical Oxygen Grid (NMOG) is a cellphone-based app to help hospitals and health officials keep track of where medical oxygen is needed and where supplies are plentiful.
DATA DASHBOARD | This website provides a set of data dashboards that provide real-time facility information for every district in India, including managing and monitoring demand and supply for oxygen.
DATA DASHBOARD | The UNICEF Oxygen Market Dashboard showcases information on the global medical oxygen market.
ARTICLE | UNICEF’s Oxygen Therapy Project, jointly with the World Health Organization, aims to provide governments with practical tools for building oxygen systems in their countries.
TOOL | NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory designed an FDA qualifiable ventilating device that can serve a targeted subset of the patient population suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19.
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | The WHO Access to Oxygen Initiative provides technical and operational support to Member States on solutions to enable a resilient oxygen ecosystem.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | The Kenya Medical Oxygen Roadmap is set to ensure equitable access to high-quality, sustainable, and affordable medical oxygen for all Kenyans by 2030.
TOOL | This series highlights country examples where tools from the Oxygen Delivery Toolkit helped stakeholders to plan, manage, and communicate the value of scaling up oxygen.
TOOL | As part of PATH’s Oxygen Delivery Toolkit, these two tools are Excel-based resources that quantify the potential need and associated cost for oxygen and pulse oximeters.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the American Journal of Perinatology, this cross-sectional survey assessed Colorado and Wyoming physicians’ perceptions and practices surrounding technology in NICU graduates, particularly considering the altitude.
INFORMATION BRIEF | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this policy brief provides a high-level overview of the results of The Lancet Global Health Commission on Medical Oxygen Security.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this case study focuses on the financing of medical oxygen in Malawi following the COVID-19 pandemic—describing achieved financing, key barriers, and successes.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS Global Public Health, this prospective study evaluated acceptability and feasibility of a multimodal pulse oximeter used by CHWs during their iCCM of childhood illness in rural Burundi.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study aimed to assess factors associated with oxygen administration to critically ill patients among nurses at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in medRxiv, this study examined how healthcare workers adopted pulse oximeters and explored the contexts influencing their adoption in Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, and Niger under the AIRE project.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Social Science and Medicine, this study aims to describe and analyze the social lives of medical oxygen and explore opportunities for oxygen justice.
COURSE / TRAINING VIDEO | Developed by WHO, this training provides an introduction to oxygen systems, including the oxygen ecosystem, quality assurance and quality control, improving the safety of medical oxygen systems, etc.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Early Human Development, this paper emphasizes that the scarcity of oxygen blenders and continuous monitoring may pose a challenge in LMICs, increasing the risks of hypoxia and hyperoxia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in CHEST Critical Care, this study examined the frequencies of pulse oximeter monitoring in operative and nonoperative contexts and the observed distribution of pulse oximeter readings.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this study examines whether stabilization rooms equipped with pulse oximetry and oxygen alongside HCW training improved quality of care for children with pneumonia in Nigeria.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION |
Published in BMJ Global Health, this study examines whether stabilization rooms equipped with pulse oximetry and oxygen alongside HCW training improved quality of care for children with pneumonia in Nigeria.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this study examines how stabilization rooms under the INSPIRING-Lagos project improved pulse oximetry practices, for whom, and in what contexts in Nigeria.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this study examines how stabilization rooms under the INSPIRING-Lagos project improved pulse oximetry practices, for whom, and in what contexts in Nigeria.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Education and Health Promotion, this study assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of resident doctors regarding oxygen therapy.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Pulmonary Medicine, this study examined the communication of oxygen management plans in the electronic health record (EHR), and their consistency with patient-reported long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) use.
MULTIMEDIA | This webpage describes four critical ways to sustain oxygen generation plants and ensure oxygen access for decades to come.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of health professionals’ knowledge, attitude, practice, and determinant factors about oxygen therapy in Ethiopia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the African Journal of Emergency Medicine, this study assesses oxygen therapy practices and associated factors influencing oxygen administration among nurses in an Ethiopian hospital.
REPORT | This report highlights significant advancements in oxygen production, distribution, and delivery, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, which are crucial for improving health care in LMICs.
GUIDANCE | The Procurement Manual is intended to provide operational guidance on procurement policies and procedures in the various stages of the procurement actions conducted by the United Nations.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of Global Health, this sub-analysis of the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium database assesses the oxygen consumption requirements of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units.
ARTICLE | This analysis used computational epidemiology and extreme events modeling simulations to estimate the risk of future mortality from epidemics in two categories—respiratory diseases and viral hemorrhagic fevers.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the British Journal of Surgery, this study examines the effectiveness of a standardized trauma intake form for improving key performance indicators in initial trauma care in Ghana.
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | This resource library, managed by Assist International, provides various tools and resources on COVID-19 treatment and care, including surgical care, oxygen therapy, infection control, and resource planning.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study aims to describe the requirements and use of oxygen at the facility and patient level of approximately 4,500 patients with COVID-19 in 30 countries.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | Under the four interdependent strategic objectives, this strategy provides policy and implementation framework for scaling up medical oxygen within the system in Lesotho.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, this article describes how innovations in oxygen delivery should incorporate all aspects of the oxygen system yet be frugal.
REPORT | This report tracks six global gas companies’ initiatives to increase access and provides insights into what they can do to supply LOX during emergencies and for day-to-day needs of LMICs.
ARTICLE |
One year ago, Malawi launched its first National Medical Oxygen Ecosystem Roadmap. It is already helping to close the oxygen access gap.
ARTICLE | Rwanda’s national COVID-19 response strategy greatly increased the provision of oxygen to its health facilities, which became a determining factor in the survival of the population.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This policy establishes the framework and lay the foundation for a national strategy for scaling-up production, availability, access, and use of medical oxygen across Ghana.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet Global Health, this article introduces The Lancet Global Health Commission on Medical Oxygen Security, which seeks to close critical gaps in oxygen access, especially in LMICs.
REPORT | This report describes ways to ensure that the attention that medical oxygen has received can be leveraged to create a broader network – a grid of oxygen resources.
REPORT | This report aims to assess the potential of multimodal pulse oximeters to improve the integrated diagnosis and treatment of illnesses for patients presenting at health facilities in LMICs.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this study found that the Nigeria Oxygen Implementation programme improved hospital oxygen systems and pulse oximetry coverage, demonstrating sustainability over time.
INFORMATION BRIEF | This case study highlights the Nishtha project’s efforts to strengthen health systems’ capacities to operate and manage medical oxygen generation, storage and supply equipment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in SAS Journal of Medicine, this study determines the clinical predictors of hypoxemia in children with WHO defined pneumonia aged 2 to 59 months in a Bangladeshi hospital.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This webinar highlights the most updated WHO Compendium of innovative health technologies for low-resource settings.
GUIDANCE | WHO will apply a new collaborative approach to scaling innovations in health aimed at linking the health demand in countries with the supply of mature, assessed innovations.
REPOSITORY / TOOLKIT | The Oxygen Alliance aims to improve access to oxygen in LMICs through support of small local businesses that sign and execute maintenance contracts for oxygen concentrators.
ARTICLE | This story provides a snapshot of the milestones that countries, supported by PATH and CHAI, have achieved over the last two years in improving access to oxygen.
GOVERNMENT POLICY / STRATEGY | This plan aims to ensure availability, accessibility, and affordability of quality medical oxygen therapy to meet universal health coverage in the country.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study assesses the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of expanding the FREO2 Oxygen System to 20 hospitals and health facilities in Western Uganda.
GUIDANCE | This document provides guidance on appropriate and scalable innovative health technologies, including success stories and considerations, and encourages coordination among relevant stakeholder groups.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this study highlights the positive outcomes of decentralizing oxygen services in Ethiopia’s health centers.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the South African Journal of Science, this study aimed to compare demographic characteristics and trends in SARS-CoV-2 admissions and the health care they received in South Africa.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anesthesia & Analgesia, this study presents the state of intensive care provision in public hospitals across Ethiopia.
INFORMATION BRIEF | This case study highlights PATH’s support to strengthen peripheral systems to PSA oxygen plant in Sadar Hospital, Samastipur, Bihar, India.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Journal of Global Health, this study assessed pulse oximetry performance of different types of assessors in inpatient settings after an update to the existing IMCI package in Bangladesh.
INFORMATION BRIEF | This publication outlines a human-centered design evaluation to identify opportunities to improve oxygen concentrator usability in low- and middle-income countries.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This presentation outlines the activities of The Luke Commission in improving comprehensive health services in Eswatini, including efforts to scale up COVID-19 vaccination and strengthening oxygen delivery.
GUIDANCE | This guide provides actionable recommendations, strategies, and good practices for understanding and addressing individual, social and practical or logistical barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among refugee and migrant populations.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Health and Technology, this article aims to create awareness about commonly used medical devices during the COVID-19 pandemic and to survey trust in home usable devices in India.
ARTICLE | After widespread oxygen shortages, the ACT-A Oxygen Emergency Taskforce was launched to support countries to address them. This article outlines the success and challenges one year after its launch.
TOOL | This tool assists governments, partners, and other stakeholders to forecast the necessary volume of equipment, consumables, supplies, and drugs for supportive care and treatment of COVID-19.
TOOL | This document provides technical specifications for each indicator included in the menu of indicators proposed for primary health care measurement framework and indicators.
REPORT | The study highlighted in this report describes systems for procurement and management of medical equipment and supplies in Vietnam, including medical oxygen.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Sante Publique, this article investigates the functionality of oxygen concentrators in hospitals in North Kivu, DRC, and emphasizes the need for improved maintenance and training.
ARTICLE | Published in JAMA Network, this editorial posits how best to prepare hospitals’ medical oxygen delivery ecosystems for health emergencies.
TOOL | The document outlines the quality assurance and risk mitigation activities and standards to follow before proceeding with an oxygen procurement.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Global Health, this paper reviews evidence on the effectiveness of strengthening oxygen systems on mortality for children with pneumonia to populate estimates in the Lives Saved Tool.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, this paper presents the medical devices maintenance campaign experience conducted in Ethiopia as part of COVID-19 emergency response.
INFORMATION BRIEF | This case study highlights PATH’s support in procuring and installing PSA plants in India.
GUIDANCE | Arising from an increased demand for medicinal gases, the World Health Organization raised the urgency for the need for guidance on good manufacturing practices for medicinal gases, including oxygen.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Operations Management Research, this study provides guidance on health supply chains during a pandemic by proposing a location-allocation model for the locations of temporary testing laboratories.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLOS One, this study evaluates the effect of improved hospital oxygen systems on quality of care for children with severe pneumonia, severe malaria, and diarrhea with severe dehydration.
TOOL | PATH, together with the Clinton Health Access Initiative, has developed an initial landscape of respiratory care equipment distributors across sub-Saharan Africa.
REPORT | In June 2021, Every Breath Counts coalition and Access to Medicine Foundation co-hosted a third roundtable to engage the oxygen industry in the work of ACT-A Oxygen Emergency Taskforce.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This WHO webinar provides as introduction to the oxygen ecosystem, a holistic assessment of oxygen and biomedical equipment, and recommendations for medical device specifications and procurement.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This WHO webinar highlights the challenges and solutions in the systems response for oxygen in COVID-19 clinical settings.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This webinar covers essential considerations for building a medical oxygen system, including process and planning considerations, gap analysis and production comparison, and more.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The African COVID-19 Critical Care Outcomes Study aimed to determine which resources, comorbidities, and critical care interventions are associated with mortality in African critically ill COVID-19 patients.
DATA DASHBOARD | Published on Gas World, this interactive map highlights the location of oxygen plants in Africa, the Middle East, the Indian Subcontinent, and South America.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Indian Pediatrics, this study generated evidence on the current situation of hospital care for managing children presenting with diarrhea and pneumonia at 13 district hospitals in India.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | Science in 5 series – Episode #33 / Medical oxygen is an essential medicine in the treatment of COVID-19.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | Experts from the USAID STAR-UCSF COVID-19 Technical Advisory Group present a webinar and question and answer on optimizing the impact of oxygen scale up.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study reports the technical results of a field trial of the FREO2 low-pressure oxygen storage system, consisting of improvements to a standard concentrator, in Uganda.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | To respond to inflated costs and export restrictions on medical equipment, Mercedes HPP worked with key experts to produce a simple, mechanical noninvasive respiratory device to deliver CPAP.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), this study investigates the main characteristics of the Romanian market of medicinal oxygen, highlighting top players, market development, etc.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, the objective of this study was to examine systemic oxygen utilization in a case series of patients with this disease.
REPORT | Published by the Institute for Transformative Technologies (ITT) and Oxygen Hub, this report makes the case for a decentralized, hub-and-spoke network of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) plants in sub-Saharan Africa.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This article in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene outlines pragmatic recommendations for acute respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation in severe COVID-19 patients in LMICs.
REPORT | In December 2020, Every Breath Counts coalition and Access to Medicine Foundation co-hosted a second virtual roundtable to hold bilateral discussions and agree to work together to close oxygen gaps.
REPORT | This market report serves as a preliminary guide to available suppliers with capacity to provide equipment for respiratory care and is intended to help conduct an initial supplier landscaping.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of Global Health, this study describes the development and field testing of two oxygen supply solutions suitable for the realities of health facilities in LMICs.
ARTICLE | UNICEF is working with governments and partners to find the best solutions to scale up oxygen for each unique country context.
GUIDANCE | This document describes the medical devices required for the clinical management of COVID-19, selected and prioritized according to the latest available evidence and interim guidelines.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This presentation highlights how Ethiopia built on their success in increasing the availability of oxygen to leverage equipment investments from the COVID-19 pandemic.
GUIDANCE | This collection of resources provides an evidence-based model for sustainable, high-quality hospital-based newborn care in limited-resource settings, including respiratory care and oxygen therapy.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | WHO convened a consultation, held over four meetings, with groups that have proven experience implementing oxygen scale up activities to accelerate oxygen access at the country level.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | As highlighted in this CHEST Journal article, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed just how unprepared most countries have been to deal with widescale, rapidly increasing outbreaks of viral pneumonia.
REPORT | This document presents the objectives, achievements, and future priorities of the ACT-Accelerator initiative in the global COVID-19 response.
REPORT | In September 2020, the Every Breath Counts coalition and the Access to Medicine Foundation co-hosted a first-of-its-kind virtual roundtable to explore opportunities to increase access to medical oxygen in LMICs.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study, a first of its kind, will identify newborn signal functions in Bangladesh on which newborn service availability at a health facility can be assessed.
REPORT | This report explores how COVID-19 is exacerbating the already overwhelming health crisis in Yemen and identifies several recommendations based on information from health teams in Yemen.
TOOL | As part of PATH’s Oxygen Delivery Toolkit, this tool is designed to help track daily oxygen use and, ultimately, inform future procurement planning.
GUIDANCE | As part of PATH’s Oxygen Delivery Toolkit, this guide outlines recommendations for understanding electricity access as well as methods for improving procurement and deployment of related medical devices.
TOOL | This document provides local authorities, leaders, and policymakers in cities with a checklist tool to ensure that key areas have been covered for strengthening preparedness for COVID-19.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | This presentation provides information on Rwanda’s current oxygen production and distribution, key barriers to oxygen access in Rwandan health facilities, and the country’s plans to increase oxygen access for COVID-19.
REPORT | This policy brief examines how the eleven countries of South-East Asia are coping with the immediate impacts of COVID-19 and provides four sets of recommendations for a resilient recovery.
PRESENTATION / WEBINAR | WHO and IFMBE Clinical Engineering Division partnered to host a series of COVID-19 Critical Topic 1-hour webinars during May 2020.
GUIDANCE | As part of PATH’s Oxygen Delivery Toolkit, this guide offers resources to help track medical device upkeep and, over the long term, improve future procurement decisions.
TOOL | This tool helps hospitals and health systems evaluate piped medical gas system capacity and show the usage of a particular system while different types of therapies are in use.
GUIDANCE | This plans lays out containment strategies for India for the COVID-19 pandemic under different transmission scenarios.
GUIDANCE | To gauge the need for supplies/equipment and health work force requirements during the COVID-19 pandemic, WHO has developed a suite of complimentary surge calculators.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet, a conceptual framework is proposed that illustrates the need for hospital readiness and good quality clinical practice for the identification and care of critically ill patients.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pediatric Pulmonology, this study assesses availability of therapeutic oxygen, reliability of the electrical supply, and effects of suboptimal oxygen delivery on patient outcomes in rural Kenya.
GUIDANCE | This interim guidance describes how to quantify oxygen demand, identify oxygen sources that are available, and select appropriate surge sources to best respond to COVID-19 patients’ needs, especially in LMICs.
REPORT | Rwanda’s Ministry of Health conducted a situation analysis of inpatient care of newborns and young infants to identify gaps within the continuum of care.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, this study determines in-hospital prevalence and outcomes of sepsis in two hospitals in Malawi.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Malawi Medical Journal, this study assesses the availability of resources for emergency and critical care in Malawi using data from the Service Provision Assessment.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study revealed that CPAP is used in neonatal units across India but faces significant infrastructure and training gaps, with high case fatality rates and complications.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This commentary in Pediatric Pulmonology explores the oxygen gap, using Nigeria as an illustrative case study in improving oxygen access, and concluding with key actions for policy and practice.
TOOL | The purpose of this checklist is to help hospital managers prepare for COVID-19 patient management by optimizing each hospital’s capacities.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This paper from PLOS Medicine reports the effects of an improved oxygen system on mortality and clinical practices in 12 general, pediatric, and maternity hospitals in southwest Nigeria.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Health Services Research, this study examines barriers to pediatric oxygen therapy in three Eastern Ugandan hospitals, focusing on supply issues, staff training, and equipment maintenance.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS One, this study identified barriers to implementing pediatric inpatient care guidelines in nine hospitals across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study in the journal International Health evaluates the quality of oxygen therapy in 12 secondary-level Nigerian hospitals.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMJ Open, this study assesses virus-specific hospitalization rates, risk factors for illness severity, and seasonal trends in children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in Jordan.
REPORT | To understand the barriers to reducing pneumonia burden, PATH collected and analyzed secondary data and conducted a landscape of key pneumonia stakeholders in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
REPORT | The information in this report focuses on oxygen access in Kenya and was collected through a combination of desk research and in-country stakeholder interviews and observations.
REPORT | The information in this country report focuses on India and is intended to guide key decision-makers in India as they work to improve access to safe oxygen delivery.
REPORT | The information in this report focuses on oxygen access in Indonesia and was collected through a combination of desk research and in-country stakeholder interviews and observations.
ARTICLE | CHAI is working with the Government of Nigeria to expand access to life-saving oxygen therapy – especially for children.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in OISR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, interventional study assessed the knowledge level of pediatric nurses in a tertiary care setting, regarding the use of pulse oximeter.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the African Journal of Emergency Medicine, this review describes management priorities in emergency care of critically ill children presenting with respiratory problems in resource-limited settings.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, this study aimed to evaluate the microbiological agents linked with hypoxemia in hospitalized children with pneumonia from developing countries.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anaesthesia, this study determined whether the introduction of pulse oximetry with training was feasible and could reduce the incidence of oxygen desaturation during anesthesia in Malawi.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Anaesthesia, this article highlights the introduction of Lifebox pulse oximeters combined with appropriate training in Malawi.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The European Respiratory Journal, this study evaluated the quality of care of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and evaluated the change in practice after an educational program.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Pneumonia (Nathan Qld), the aim of this study was to evaluate the need for supplementary oxygen against oxygen delivery capacity at a large teaching hospital in Malawi.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in African Journal of Medicine and Medical Science, this study assesses structural, technical, and clinical barriers to the provision of safe and effective oxygen therapy in Nigeria.
REPORT | PATH and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation co-hosted a consultation focused on expanding access to pulse oximetry and oxygen concentrators in low-resource settings.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Health and Technology, this study found that oxygen concentrators in low-resource settings can remain functional for over seven years with routine preventive maintenance.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Paediatrics International Child Health, this article examines a quality improvement project in rural Papua New Guinea hospitals to enhance pediatric and neonatal care, including oxygen therapy.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Red Crescent Medical Journal, this study investigated the quality of pre-hospital oxygen therapy in patients with multiple traumas in Shahid Beheshti Medical Center, Kashan, Iran.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This paper in the Annals of Tropical Pediatrics is a practical and up-to-date guide for all involved in purchasing, using, and maintaining oxygen concentrators in developing countries.
GUIDANCE | This guidance outlines the infrastructure and supply needs at the different levels of a healthcare system to ensure adequate emergency and essential surgical care.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in PLoS Medicine, this article proposes maternal and newborn signal functions, focusing on delivery and postnatal care, which could be used to characterize both routine and emergency care.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study presents a model for comparing the cost-effectiveness of different oxygen technology systems specifically designed for health centers with intermittent power, using The Gambia as an example.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Early Human Development, this study aimed to determine current neonatal resuscitation practices and availability of oxygen blending equipment in non-Western hospitals.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, this study examined the quality of the maternal health system in Eritrea to understand system deficiencies and its relevance to maternal mortality.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in BMC Public Health, this review found that improving oxygen systems could significantly reduce childhood pneumonia mortality but faces challenges in affordability and sustainability.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | As highlighted in this article in the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, the cost-effectiveness of an oxygen systems strategy compares favorably with other higher profile child survival interventions.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, this study compared inspired oxygen settings of the ventilator/anesthetic machine and actual circuit oxygen levels when using oxygen 99 and 93.
REPORT | The goal of this publication is to share some of the valuable lessons learned by those working on different but overlapping aspects of trauma care worldwide.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, this study assessed national oxygen availability and use in 12 health facilities in The Gambia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | The study, published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, found that 6.4% of neonates and young children admitted to a Kenyan hospital had hypoxemia.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | This study in the Annals of Tropical Pediatrics examined the incidence of hypoxemia, its geographical distribution, epidemiological determinants, and resource availability in several regions of the country.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, the purpose of this study was to survey patients, surgical, anesthetic profiles, and determine factors related to adverse events.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in The Lancet, this study assessed pediatric care at district hospitals in Kenya, highlighting variability in care quality and resource availability.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care, this study presents a brief analysis of the cost of operating an oxygen concentrator from the perspective of the patient.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the International Journal for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, this study explored the use of oxygen concentrators compared to cylinders to treat children in a hospital in Ndioum, Senegal.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, this study aims to review the efficacy and reliability of oxygen concentrators used over the last six years in Nepal.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Central African Journal of Medicine, this study aimed to conduct a situation analysis of obstetric services in a rural district of Zimbabwe.
JOURNAL PUBLICATION | Published in the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, this article reviews ten years experience with oxygen concentrators (OCs) in Canada used as a primary hospital oxygen supply.